Biological Molecules

Question 1

What are the hexose monosaccharides

Answer 1

Galactose,fructose,alpha and beta glucose

Question 2

What does a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides cause

Answer 2

Disaccharide- maltose sucrose and galactose

Question 3

What is the covalent bond between two monosaccharides

Answer 3

Glycosidic bond

Question 4

What is a polysaccharide

Answer 4

Made from many monosaccharides
Shape depends on bonds inside polysaccharide

Question 5

Cellulose

Answer 5

Straight chain polysaccharide
Made up of beta glucose momemers
Provides rigidity to cell wall
Cellulose chains lie parallel to each other forming hydrogen bonds between them

Question 6

Starch/ glycogen

Answer 6

Coiled/ branched- made up of alpha glucose monomer
Storage molecules- compact due to their coiled structure dont effect water potential due to being insoluble
Used in respiration- many ends for hydrolysing enzymes due to sections being highly branched

Question 7

What are all monosaccharides

Answer 7

Reducing sugars- detected by Benedict’s test

Question 8

Benedict’s test

Answer 8

• grind sample with water
  add same volume of Benedict’s reagent
  Heat
  Positive test- orange/ brown solution
  Negative- remains blue

Question 9

glucose + glucose

Answer 9

maltose

Question 10

glucose+fructose

Answer 10

sucrose

Question 11

glucose+galactose

Answer 11

lactose

Question 12

what happens during a condensation reaction

Answer 12

a molecule of water is eliminated to form a bond between two molecules

Question 13

glycosidic bond

Answer 13

condensation reaction between two monosaccharides.

Question 15

What are fatty acids made of

Answer 15

Long chain of carbons with lots of hydrogens attached- hydrocarbon chain, carboxyl group

Question 16

What is a triglyceride

Answer 16

3 fatty acids+ glycerol

Question 17

Bond between glycerol and fatty acid

Answer 17

Ester bond

Question 18

Saturated fatty acid

Answer 18

No double bonds between their carbon atoms

Question 19

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 19

One or more carbon double bond

Question 20

Properties of fatty acids

Answer 20

1) high ratio of hydrogen and carbon to oxygen
2) large
3) non polar

Question 21

Functions of triglycerides

Answer 21

High C H:O ratio- energy source via respiration
Low mass: energy ratio -energy storage molecule

Question 22

Is a triglyceride insoluble or soluble

Answer 22

Insoluble- doesn’t effect water potential

Answer 23

W

Question 24

What is a phospholipid

Answer 24

Glycerol+2 fatty acids+ phosphate group

Question 25

Is a phospholipid hydrophobic or hydrophilic

Answer 25

Head - hydrophilic
Tails-hydrophobic

Question 26

What is a peptide bond

Answer 26

Bond between two amino acids

Question 27

Result of two amino acids joined together

Answer 27

Dipeptide

Question 28

Polypeptide+polypeptide

Answer 28

=protein

Question 29

Primary structure of a protein

Answer 29

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 30

Secondary structure of amino acid

Answer 30

Folding of poly peptide chain Alpha helix,beta pleated sheets because of hydrogen bonds

Question 31

Tertiary structure of protein structure

Answer 31

Coiled and folded further
More bonds form such as
Ionic bonds- negatively and positively charges r group
Disulfide- sulfur
Hydrophobic and hydrophilic-
Hydrogen bonds
3d structure formed

Question 32

Quaternary structure of protein structure

Answer 32

When two or more polypeptide chains join together

Question 33

What ponds are between water molecules

Answer 33

Hydrogen