biological molecules

Question 1

explain the importance of water as a solvent in transport

Answer 1

it can dissolve more substances than any other solvent

Question 2

what is the structure of water interns of charges

Answer 2

2 slightly positive hydrogen molecules covalently bonded to 1 slightly negative oxygen

Question 3

why is water dipolar ?

Answer 3

The stronger and lager oxygen atom is electronegative, it as a stronger pull on the shared electrons making the (o) slightly negative and the hydrogens slightly positive

dipolar - 2 charges

Question 4

how does waters dipolar nature make it a goos solvent

Answer 4

because of its dipolar nature it can interact with may charged particles (polar) and dissolve them. the water molecules cluster around ions and separate them thus dissolving them

transports important substances such as dissolved nutrients, minerals and ions…

water molecules are strongly attached to one another which gives them a high surface tension

Question 5

what is a monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide

Answer 5

mono - one sugar
dis- two
poly- multiple

Question 6

What are the 3 main disaccharides ?

Answer 6

maltose
sucrose
lactose

Question 7

Three main monosaccharides ?

Answer 7

fructose, galactose, glucose

Question 8

three main polysaccharides

Answer 8

starch
glycogen
cellulose

Question 9

from what sugars are maltose, sucrose and lactose made from ?

Answer 9

glucose + glucose = Maltose

glucose + fructose = Sucrose

glucose + galactose =lactose

Question 10

what are the are the 2 polysaccharides in starch

Answer 10

amalyose - coil 1,4 glycosidic bond

amylopectin - branded 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 11

what is the bond that forms between water, glucose and triglycerides

Answer 11

water - hydrogen
glucose - glucosidic bond
triglycerides - ester bond
amino acids - peptide bond

Question 12

how does the structure of starch allow for its function/ make it suitable store of energy -exam style

Answer 12

starch is a glucose polymer
thus stores lots of energy as it is compact thus more glucose stored in smaller space

can be quickly hydrolysed due to branches of amylopectin.

Question 13

how does glycogen allow for its function exam style

Question 14

outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides; fatty acids, glycerol and triglycerides

Answer 14

Condensation reaction bonds the monosaccharides together via a glycosidic and and water is byproduct

Triglyceride molecules bond via condensation reaction ester bond forms and water byproduct

hydrolysis reaction breaks them down as adding water back - reverse

Question 15

what are fatty acid tails comprised of

Answer 15

long hydrocarbon chains with carboxyl group at 1 end

Question 16

what is a carboxyl group comprised of

Answer 16

one carbon double bonded to a oxygen molecule and single bonded to a oh molecule

Question 17

what is a triglyceride comprised of

Answer 17

1 glycerol binder to three fatty acids

Question 18

compare and contrast saturated and unsaturated fats

Answer 18

saturated fats are solid at room temp, they have carbon to carbon double bonds thus no kinks. this makes them more compact and have more intermolecular forces. require more energy to melt and are solid at room temp.

unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, the have double carbon to carbon bonds which makes them kinkier, as a result they are less compact and there a weaker intermolecular forces, they have a lower melting point.