Biological Molecules

Question 1

Benedict’s Test for what?

Answer 1

Simple sugars ( glucose)

Question 2

Iodine tests for what?

Answer 2

Starch

Question 3

Biuret’s test for what?

Answer 3

Proteins

Question 4

Emulsion test for what?

Answer 4

Fats

Question 5

Characteristics of Carbohydrates

Answer 5

Glucose has the molecular formula C6H12O6.
energy source which is broken down during respiration
monomer for Starch and Cellulose
two different kinds of glucose monomers

Question 6

Where is alpha glucose

Answer 6

Bottom Right (HO)

Question 7

What is a monomer?

Answer 7

Simple molecule which is used as a basic building block to make

Question 8

Where is beta glucose

Answer 8

Top Right (OH)

Question 9

What is a polymer?

Answer 9

Many monomers are joined together to make the polymer, usually by condensation reactions e.g. monosaccharides, amino acids, nucleotide.
e.g. polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 10

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 10

These are large and complex molecules that are formed due to polymerisation of smaller monomers e.g. polysaccharides, nucleic acid

Question 11

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 11

Single sugar unit, the simplest form of carbohydrate and cannot be hydrolysed further.
general formula of (CH2O)n.

Question 12

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 12

A sugar molecule consisting of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond.

Question 13

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 13

A polymer whose subunits are monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds.

Question 14

What is a glycosidic bond?

Answer 14

Covalent bonds that occur between monomers

Question 15

How are glycosidic bonds formed?

Answer 15

Due to a condensation reaction which involves the removal of a water molecule in order to form polysaccharides and disaccharides.

Question 16

How to separate a glycosidic bond.

Answer 16

By hydrolysis which breaks the glycosidic bond between monomers

Question 17

List the types of polysaccharides.

Answer 17

Starch, Glycogen & Cellulose

Question 18

Define triglycerides.

Answer 18

Lipids:formed by the condensation of 3 fatty acid chains and a glycerol molecule, forming an ester bond.Fatty acid chains are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic head.
Glycerol is an alcohol containing 3 OH groups.

Question 19

Types of fatty acids

Answer 19

Unsaturated fats
Saturated fats

Question 20

Roles of triglycerides.

Answer 20

-Better energy reserves than carbohydrates as they have more C-H bonds
-Acts as a heat insulator and provides buoyancy
-A metabolic source of water as it gives CO2 and H2O on oxidation during respiration

Question 21

The four protein structures:

Answer 21

Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure

Question 22

Types of proteins:

Answer 22

Globular protein
Fibrous Protein
Hemoglobin
Sickle cell anemia
Collagen

Question 23

Properties of water

Answer 23

Hydrogen bonding
Solvent
High surface tension and cohesion
High specific heat capacity
High latent heat of vaporization
Density and freezing properties

Question 24

Properties of phospholipids

Answer 24

Hydrophilic head
Hydrophilic tail
Makes cell membranes
Involved in transport