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AQA A level Biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Single sugar molecule

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2
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two sugars bonded together

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3
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Many sugars bonded together

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4
Q

Give examples of monosaccharides

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose

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5
Q

Give examples of disaccharides

A

Sucrose, maltose, lactose

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6
Q

Give examples of polysaccharides

A

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, amylose

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7
Q

What are isomers?

A

Two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.

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8
Q

What monosaccharides does the disaccharide SUCROSE consist of?

A

Glucose and fructose (condensation reaction)

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9
Q

What monosaccharides does the disaccharide LACTOSE consist of?

A

Galactose and glucose (condensation reaction)

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10
Q

What monosaccharides does the disaccharide MALTOSE consist of?

A

2 glucose molecules (condensation reaction)

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11
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A
  • 2 molecules joined together
  • Formation of chemical bond
  • Elimination of water molecule
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12
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A
  • Chemical bond between 2 molecules broken
  • Use of water molecule
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13
Q

What happens when there is a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides?

A
  • A glycosidic bond is formed
  • A water molecule is released
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14
Q

How are polysaccharides formed?

A
  • Condensation of many glucose units
  • Glucose and starch formed by condensation of a-glucose
  • Cellulose formed by condensation of b-glucose
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15
Q

What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?

A

(CH2O)n

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16
Q

Give an example of a condensation reaction with monosaccharides

A

a-glucose + a-glucose ———> maltose with glycosidic bond
|
OH and H form a water molecule (H2O)

AQA A level Biology (2 decks)

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