Cells

Question 1

Active Immunity

Answer 1

A form of immunity provided by the immune response of the body upon detection of a pathogen

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

The active movement of substances against their concentration gradient with the use of energy in the form of ATP

Question 3

Agglutination

Answer 3

The clumping together of cells or particles caused by antibodies which assist phagocytosis

Question 4

Antibody

Answer 4

A protein found in the blood that is produced by plasma cells which bind to antigens as a part of the immune response

Question 5

Antigen

Answer 5

Marker molecules that can be detected by antibodies and trigger an immune response

Question 6

Binary Fission

Answer 6

The method of cell division used by prokaryotes involving replication of the circular DNA and plasmids followed by cytoplasmic division

Question 7

Clonal Selection

Answer 7

The process of matching the antigens on an antigen presenting cells with the antigen receptor on B or T lymphocytes

Question 8

Clonal Expansion

Answer 8

The production of many genetically identical daughter cells through cell division of the activated B or T lymphocyte after clonal selection

Question 9

Co-Transport

Answer 9

A method of membrane transport where two substances are both transported across a membrane at the same time in either the same or opposite directions

Question 10

Cytokenesis

Answer 10

Division of the cytoplasm to produce two new cells

Question 11

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 11

The passive movement of substances from a high to low concentration through a transport protein without the use of energy

Question 12

Fluid-Mosaic Model

Answer 12

A model that describes the membrane structure as a sea of mobile phospholipids with various (sized) proteins.

Question 13

Helper T Cell

Answer 13

A type of immune cell that stimulates cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes

Question 14

Herd Immunity

Answer 14

A type of disease immunity that occurs when a large proportion of the population are vaccinated against a disease which prevents the spread of the disease to unvaccinated individuals

Question 15

HIV

Answer 15

A virus that attacks T cells in the immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

Question 16

Magnification

Answer 16

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object

Question 17

Magnification (formula)

Answer 17

Image Size = Actual Size x Magnification

Question 18

Mitosis

Answer 18

A part of the cell cycle in which a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two daughter cells, each with identical copies of DNA

Question 19

Monoclonal Antibodies

Answer 19

Identical antibodies that have been produced by an immune cell that has been cloned from a parent cell

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

The movement of water molecules down a water potential gradient without the use of energy

Question 21

Passive Immunity

Answer 21

A form of immunity provided by the introduction of antibodies to a disease into the body (e.g transfusing anti-venom to combat a snake bite)

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

The process where phagocytes engulf and destroy material

Question 23

Primary Immune Response

Answer 23

The response produced by the immune system when it encounters a pathogen for the first time

Question 24

Resolution

Answer 24

The ability to distinguish between two different points on a specimen

Question 25

Secondary Immune Response

Answer 25

The response produced by the immune system where it recognises the pathogen it has encountered before

This response produces more antibodies and at a faster rate

Question 26

Simple Diffusion

Answer 26

The movement of substances down a concentration gradient without the use of energy

Question 27

Vaccine

Answer 27

The introduction of dead or inactive pathogens to stimulate an immune response and providing long term immunity