biological molecules

Question 1

what is the general formula of carbohydrates

Answer 1

Cx(H20)y

Question 2

what are the types of carbohydrates

Answer 2

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 3

what is the structure of a carbohydrate

Answer 3

a ring structure which increases stability. number of carbon atoms can vary e.g. a hexose has 6 carbons and a triose has 3 carbons

Question 4

name some facts about glucose

Answer 4

a hexose monosaccharide
glucose molecules are polar
glucose molecules are soluble in water

Question 5

what are the two isomers of glucose and what is the difference

Answer 5

alpha glucose and beta glucose. alpha glucose’s hydroxyl group in at the bottom, beta’s hydroxyl group is at the top

Question 6

draw an alpha glucose

Answer 6

…

Question 7

draw a beta glucose

Question 8

name three hexose monosaccharides

Answer 8

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 9

name two pentose monosaccharides

Answer 9

ribose and deoxyribose

Question 10

what are some functions of monosaccharides

Answer 10

source of energy for respiration, building blocks for important polysaccharides e.g. starch

Question 11

what happens to monosaccharides in a condensation reaction

Answer 11

2 monosaccharides can react to form a disaccharide by forming a glycosidic bond. the hydroxyl groups form water, leaving one oxygen which bonds to the carbon 1 and carbon 4 of the hexose

Question 12

what does the disaccharide maltose consist of

Answer 12

glucose + glucose

Question 13

what does the disaccharide sucrose consist of

Answer 13

fructose + glucose

Question 14

what does the disaccharide lactose consist of

Answer 14

glucose + galactose