biological molecules

Question 1

what is the monomer and polymer of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

monomer: monosaccharides
polymer: polysaccharides

Question 2

what is the monomer and polymer of proteins?

Answer 2

monomer: amino acids
polymer: polypeptides and proteins

Question 3

what is the monomer and polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 3

monomer: nucleotides
polymer: DNA and RNA

Question 4

what types of sugars are maltose and lactose?

Answer 4

reducing sugars

Question 5

what type of sugar is sucrose?

Answer 5

non reducing sugar

Question 6

what bond links disaccharides?

Answer 6

glycosidic

Question 7

what is the structure of glycogen?

Answer 7

• 1-4 bonded chains, less tendency to coil
• more branches = more compact
• branches formed between carbon 1 and 6

Question 8

what is the structure of amylopectin?

Answer 8

• coils into spiral shape
• held together with hydrogen bonds
• branches coming off of spiral
• glycosidic bonds between carbons 1 and 4
• branches formed by glycosidic bonds between carbon 1 and 6

Question 9

what is the structure of amylose?

Answer 9

• coils into spiral shape, held together with hydrogen bonds
• unbranched
• long chain of a-glucose molecules
• glycosidic bonds between carbons 1 and 4
• hydroxyl group on carbon 2, making the molecule less soluble

Question 10

what is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 10

• chains are straight and lie side by side
• every other b-glucose molecule is rotated 180 degrees, helps give strength
  *b-1-4 glycosidic bond helps prevent the chain from spiralling

Question 11

are lipids soluble in water and why?

Answer 11

no, because they’re not polar

Question 12

how many carbon atoms and OH groups does glycerol have?

Answer 12

three carbon atoms, three OH groups

Question 13

what is the bond formed between fatty acids in triglyceride?

Answer 13

ester bond

Question 14

what are three functions of triglycerides?

Answer 14

insulation, buoyancy, protection