Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is the definition of a monomer?

Answer 1

Small units which create larger molecule

Question 2

What is the definition of a polymer?

Answer 2

lots of monomers bonded together

Question 3

Name some monomers and polymers they can create

Answer 3

1. Glucose - starch
2. Amino acid - protein
3. Nucleotide - DNA, RNA

Question 4

Name some polymers.

Answer 4

1. Starch
2. Glycogen
3. Cellulose

Question 5

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 5

Joining two molecules, creating a chemical bond by removing water.

Question 6

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 6

Breaks chemical bond between two molecules, using water.

Question 7

What do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 7

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Question 8

Carbohydrates can be monosaccharides, disaccharide and polysaccharide, what does that mean.

Answer 8

Monosaccharide - one sugar unit
Disaccharide - two sugar unit
Polysaccharide - 3+ sugar unit

Question 9

Examples of monosaccharides

Answer 9

1. Glucose
2. Fructose
3. Galactose

Question 10

Glucose is an isomer, what does that mean?

Answer 10

Same molecular formula (C⁶H¹²O⁶) but different structure

Question 11

What are the two isomers of glucose? Draw them.

Answer 11

Alpha glucose
Beta glucose

Question 12

How is a disaccharide formed?

Answer 12

Two monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bond
Formed by condensation reaction
(Glycosidic bond 1,4 which means bonds between carbon 1 and carbon 4)

Question 13

Examples of disaccharides.

Answer 13

1. Glucose + Glucose — Maltose + water
2. Glucose + Galactose — Lactose + water
3. Glucose + Fructose — sucrose + water

Question 14

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Created by condensation reaction between many monomers (Glucose)

Question 15

Examples Of polysaccharides.

Answer 15

1. Starch
2. Cellulose
3. Glycogen

Question 16

Structure and function of Starch

Answer 16

Found in chloroplast in plant cells and is made of a-glucose.
Two types of a-glucose; amylose which has 1,4 GB and is unbranched chain coils that form helixs and amylopectin 1,6 GB branched polymer.
A good storage molecule as it is insoluble.

Question 17

Structure and function of cellulose.

Answer 17

Found in the cell wall of plants and is made of b-glucose. Provides structural support to the cell, long straight chains of b-glucose held by hydrogen bonds which make fibril

Question 18

Structure and function of Glycogen.

Answer 18

Found in animals (liver and muscle) and stores glucose. Made out of a-glucose 1,6 and1,4 glycosidic bond (GB). Insoluble and compact. Highly branched polymer- increases surface area for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose and insoluble which doesn’t affect osmosis.