Biological Molecules Flashcards
Covalent Bond
Type of chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.
Chemical bond formed between the positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the negative charge on another atom of an adjacent molecule e.g. between the Hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the Oxygen atom of an adjacent water molecule
Hydrogen Bond
Ionic Bond
A bond between a positive ion which has lost an electron(s) and a negative ion which has gained an electron(s).
A molecule which has a partially positive charge in one part of the molecule and completely negative charge in another part (a dipole).
Polar Molecule
One of many small molecules that combine together to form a polymer
Monomer
The process of making a polymer
Polymerisation
Chemical process in which two molecules combine to form a more complex one with the elimination of a simple substance, usually water. Many biological polymers (e.g. polysaccharides, polypeptides) are formed by condensation.
Condensation
The breaking down of large molecules into smaller ones by the addition of water molecules.
Hydrolysis
All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms.
Metabolism
Mole
The mass of a substance containing the same number of fundamental units as there are atoms in exactly 12g of 12C.
An aqueous solution that contains 1 mole of solute in 1 litre of solution.
Molar (M) Solution
Compounds made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Either monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Carbohydrate
A single sugar e.g. glucose
Monosaccharide
Large molecule made up of many repeating smaller molecules (monomers).
Polymer
Made up of two sugar units that are formed by a condensation reaction. Monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.
Disaccharide
Organic Molecule
Molecules containing carbon that can be found in living things; four classes are carbohydrates, proteins (chain of amino acids), lipids, and nucleic acids
Made of many sugar units that are formed by a condensation reaction. Monosaccharides are joined by a glycosidic bond.
Polysaccharide
A sugar made up of 6 carbons.
Hexose sugar
C6H12O6 – a single sugar which is used in respiration.
Glucose
A sugar that serves as a reducing agent. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars along with some disaccharides.
Reducing Sugar
Reducing sugar test
Heat solution with Benedict’s reagent to test for reducing sugars. If it goes brick red then a reducing sugar is present.