Biological Molecules

Question 1

four major classes of biological macromolecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 2

often said that ____ is “carbon-based”

Answer 2

life

Question 3

qualifies as the “foundation” element
for molecules in living things

Answer 3

carbon

Question 4

simplest organic carbon molecule

Answer 4

methane

Question 5

CH2O

Answer 5

carbohydrates

Question 6

provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar

Answer 6

carbohydrates

Question 7

functions of carbohydrates

Answer 7

energy storage
structural support and protection
main source of energy

Question 8

3 classifications of carbohydrates

Answer 8

monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

Question 9

simple sugar

Answer 9

monosaccharide

Question 10

name the 3 simplest sugar

Answer 10

glucose, galactose, fructose

Question 11

components of simple sugars

Answer 11

C6H1206

Question 12

is created when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction

Answer 12

disaccharide

Question 13

consisting of monomers glucose and galactose

Answer 13

lactose

Question 14

malt sugar, formed from a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules

Answer 14

maltose

Question 15

table sugar, most common, composed of the monomers glucose and fructose

Answer 15

sucrose

Question 16

long chain of monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds

Answer 16

polysaccharide

Question 17

stored form of sugar in plants and is made up of amylase and amylopectin

Answer 17

starch

Question 18

storage form of glucose in humans and other vertebrates | animal equivalent of starch | usually stored in the liver and muscle walls

Answer 18

glycogen

Question 19

one of the most abundant biopolymers | polymer of cell wall | made up of glucose monomers

Answer 19

cellulose

Question 20

cellulose passing through our digestive system

Answer 20

dietary fiber

Question 21

nitrogen containing polysaccharide which forms a transparent semi substance

Answer 21

chitin

Question 22

outer skeleton of athropods

Answer 22

exoskeleton

Question 23

hydrophobic or insoluble in water because they are nonpolar molecules | building blocks of many hormone and are an important constituent of the plasma membrane

Answer 23

lipids

Question 24

cells store energy for long term use in the form of lipids called ____

Answer 24

fats

Question 25

two main components of fat molecule

Answer 25

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 26

an organic compound with 3 carbon atoms, 5 hydrogen atoms and 3 hydroxyl (-OH) group

Answer 26

glycerol

Question 27

have a long chain of hydrocarbons to which an acidic carboxyl group is attached

Answer 27

fatty acids

Question 28

type of fatty acid that contains a double bond | most are liquid at room temperature and are called oils | helps improve blood cholesterol levels

Answer 28

unsaturated fatty acids

Question 29

two types of unsaturated fatty acid

Answer 29

monounsaturated fat: one double bond polyunsaturated fat: more than one double bond

Question 30

fatty acid that contains a single bond | tend to get packed tightly and are solid at room temperature | contribute to plaque formation in the arteries which increases the risk of a heart attack

Answer 30

saturated fats

Question 31

saturated fats contained in meat

Answer 31

stearic acid and palmitic acid

Question 32

saturated fat contained in butter

Answer 32

butyric acid

Question 33

specialized cells where mammals store fat

Answer 33

adipocytes

Question 34

where plants store fat or oil and is used as a source of energy during embryonic development

Answer 34

seeds

Question 35

fatty acids that are required but are not synthesized by the human body

Answer 35

essential fatty acids

Question 36

type of polyunsaturated fat | found in salmon, trout, and tuna | important in brain function and normal growth and development | may also prevent heart disease and reduce the risk of cancer

Answer 36

omega-3 fatty acids

Question 37

serve as long term storage, they provide insulation for the body

Answer 37

fats

Question 38

major constituent of the plasma membrane | composed of fatty acid attached to a glycerol or similar backbone | amphipathic: the fatty acid chains or its tail are hydrophobic and the phosphate or its head is hydrophilic

Answer 38

phospholipids

Question 39

have a ring structure and does not resemble other lipids but are grouped with them because they are hydrophobic

Answer 39

steroids

Question 40

is a steroid and is mainly synthesized in the liver | is the precursor of many steroid hormones such as testosterone and estradiol

Answer 40

cholesterol

Question 41

made up of a hydrocarbon chains with an alcohol group and a fatty acid

Answer 41

waxes

Question 42

functions of lipids

Answer 42

long term storage for energy provides insulation help keep aquatic birds and mammals warm

Question 43

one of the most abundant organic molecules in living system

Answer 43

protein

Question 44

building blocks of protein | there are 20 and can be in any order

Answer 44

amino acids

Question 45

produced by living cells and are catalysts in biochemical reactions and are usually proteins

Answer 45

enzymes

Question 46

chemical signaling molecules usually proteins or steroids | secreted by an endocrine gland or group of endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes including growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction

Answer 46

hormone

Question 47

a protein hormone that maintains blood glucose levels

Answer 47

insulin

Question 48

components of amino acid

Answer 48

hydrogen atom amino group carboxyl group or acid group r group

Question 49

functions of protein

Answer 49

may serve in transport, storage or membranes

Question 50

key macromolecules to the continuity of life | carries the genetic blueprint of the cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell

Answer 50

nucleic acids

Question 51

the genetic material found in all living organisms, ranging from single celled bacteria to multicellular mammals

Answer 51

DNA

Question 52

mostly involved in protein synthesis

Answer 52

RNA

Question 53

made up of monomers known as nucleotides

Answer 53

nucleic acids

Question 54

components of nucleotide

Answer 54

nitrogenous base pentose sugar phosphate group

Question 55

composed of two strands of polymers of nucleotide

Answer 55

DNA

Question 56

functions of nucleic acids

Answer 56

carries the genetic blueprint of the cell and carry instructions for the functioning of the cell