Biological Molecules Flashcards
Carbohydrate
CHO
Contains: Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Used for:
- Transfer/stores energy
- Quick release of Energy
- Cell wall
Carbohydrates: Long chains of simple sugars (Polygon)
Two of these polygons form a maltose
Starch: Insoluble Glycogen: Insoluble
Starch looks like a wiggly line with lots of other wiggly lines coming out (Plant)
Glycogen is the same but with more wiggly lines (Animals/Fungi)
Polymers:
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Cellulose
Monomers:
-Glucose
Starch: Store Glucose for Plants
Glycogen: Store glucose for Animals/Fungi
Cellulose: Builds cell walls
Fat/Lipids
CHO
Contains: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Used for: Stores energy, Keeps body heat in
Lipids are a carbon train with hydrogens coming off it. (Varies in size and structure)
Basic units of it: 1x glycogen and 3x fatty acids. This makes up a Triglyceride.
Polymers:
-Triglycerides
Monomers:
- Glycogen
- 3 Fatty acids
Protein
CHON
Contains: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
Made up of Amino acids
Used for: Provides energy, Enzymes, Building blocks or cells
Polymers:
-Enzymes
Monomers:
-Amino Acids
Food Test- Starch
Harmful i take in
Iodine solution is used to find starch in the thing tested
Iodine is set at Yellow-Brown and goes to Blue-Black if positive.
If stayed the same it will not change colour
Process:
- Mash up the food
- Add water + Mix til it dissolves
- Filter + Add to test tube
- Add Iodine solution
- Add stopper + Shake
Food Test- Benedict’s test
Tests for: Reducing sugars
Reducing sugars: A sugar that acts as a reducing agent. This means the agents are cable of reducing substances (The gain of electrons-Reducing agents donate eletrons)
Reducing Sugars e.g. Glucose.
Use Benedict’s solution-A Blue solute
Positive results would be:
- Green
- Yellow
- Orange
- Brick red
Negative results would be:
-Stays the same blue
Method:
- Stet up a bunsen burner water bath
- Wait until 80
- Add the crush food in to a test tube then into the bath
- Add 5ml of Benedict’s solution
- Heat it for 5 minutes at 80
- Observe mixture changes
Warnings:
- Hot water bath
- Tie hair when by the bunsen burner
- Wear goggles (Vapour eye irritation)
- Do not eat
Food Test- Benedict’s test
Tests for: Reducing sugars
Reducing sugars: A sugar that acts as a reducing agent. This means the agents are cable of reducing substances (The gain of electrons-Reducing agents donate eletrons)
Reducing Sugars e.g. Glucose.
Use Benedict’s solution-A Blue solute
Positive results would be:
- Green
- Yellow
- Orange
- Brick red
Negative results would be:
-Stays the same blue
Method:
- Stet up a bunsen burner water bath
- Wait until 80
- Add the crush food in to a test tube then into the bath
- Add 5ml of Benedict’s solution
- Heat it for 5 minutes at 80
- Observe mixture changes
Warnings:
- Hot water bath
- Tie hair when by the bunsen burner
- Wear goggles (Vapour eye irritation)
- Do not eat
Food Test-Fat Test
Use Ethanol to find Fat or oils
Ethanol has no colour to it
Positive test results: A cloud of Emulsion will form on the top of the solution
Negative: Noting changes
Method:
- Grind up food
- Add water + Mix until dissolves
- Filter
- Add to test tube
- Add 3cm of Ethanol + 2cm of water
- Add stopper + Shake
Warnings:
- Goggles
- Wash hands if come in contact with it (Painful redness + Swelling)
Food Test-Protein Test
For the Protein test you use the Biuret solution.
Biuret solution is blue.
Positive test result: Gone purple
Negative test results: Stayed the same
Method:
- Grind up the food
- Add water + Mix until dissolved
- Filter
- Add 2cm of the food sample
- 2cm of the Biuret solution
- Add a stopper + Shake
Warnings:
- Wear goggles
- If inhaled can be dangerous
- If in contact it might irritate your skin
