Biological molecules Flashcards
The Chemical elements for : Carbohydrates lipids Proteins Nucleic acids
C, H and O for carbohydrates
C, H and O for lipids
C, H, O, N and S for proteins
C, H, O, N and P for nucleic acids
what simple sugars make up:
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
sucrose - Glucose + fructose
Maltose- Glucose + Glucose
Lactose- Galactose + Glucose
what’s an isomer ?
2 or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of the atoms in the molecule and different properties
Define Glyosidic bond
when 2 monosaccharides join together via a covalent bond through condensation
General formula of carbohydrates
Cn(H2O)n - for every carbon and oxygen there is 2 hydrogen atoms
what 2 polysaccharides make up starch
amylose and amylopectin
Bonds in amylose and amylopectin
Amylose- 1,4
Amylopectin- 1,4 and 1,6
Structure of amylose and amlopectin
Amylose- A long chain of alpha-glucose molecules joined by 1-4 glyosidic bonds, which coils into a helix shape
Amylopectin- Amylose just joined with many branches o amylose, these branches are a 1,6 glyosidic bond.
Where is Glycogen found ?
Found in animals in cells with high metabolic rate eg : Liver cells and Muscle cells
what is a macromolecule ?
A very large molecule, contains over 1000 or more atoms, hence a high molecular mass.
What’s the name of the covalent bond in :
Lipids
carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids- Esters
Carbohydrates- Glyosidic
Proteins- Peptides