Biological Molecules 1 Flashcards
What is a polymer
Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together
What type of reaction forms polymers
Condensation reaction ( removal of a water molecule)
What type of reaction breaks down polymers
Hydrolysis ( addition of a water molecule)
What elements make up a carbohydrate molecule
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Carbon
What are the monomers that carbohydrates are made from
Monosaccharides
Give examples of some monosaccharides
Alpha glucose
Beta glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What is a disaccharide
Two monomers joined together via a condensation reaction
What bond forms between two monosaccharides
Glycosidic bonds
Give examples of disaccharides and there monosaccharides
Alpha glucose + alpha glucose =Maltose
Alpha glucose + fructose =Sucrose
Alpha glucose + galactose =Lactose
What is a polysaccharide
When more than two monosaccharides are joined together via a condensation reaction ,
Forming glycosidic bonds
Give 3 examples of polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What is the structure and the functions of starch
Amylose
Structure = long unbranched chain of alpha glucose.
Coiled structure
Function = this makes it really compact and so is therefore a good storage molecule because it can fit in small spaces
Amylopectin
Structure = long branched chains of alpha glucose
Function = branched chains allow for enzymes to breach down the molecules easily because of the glycosidic bond is more exposed . Meaning glucose and be released more easily.
Insoluble in water so doesn’t affect water potential ,therefore is a good storage molecule.
What is the structure and function of glycogen
Structure = a polysaccharide of alpha glucose with lots of side chains
Function= this means that enzyme’s can easily access the bonds to break them meaning it can be a quick real ease of energy .
It is also a very compact molecule which is good for storage.
Important energy store in animals.
What is the structure and function of cellulose
Structure =long unbranched chain of beta glucose. Bonded together to form straight chains .
These straight chains are held together by hydrogen bonds forming microfibrils
Function =these strong fibres means that cellulose provide structural support for plants in the cell walls
What is the test for starch
Iodine solution test
Positive =blue-black
Negative=browny-orange
What are the main two types of lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids