Biological Macromolucules

Question 1

Polymerization

Answer 1

Linking smaller molecules into bigger systems

Question 2

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 2

Joins hydroxyl group to build polymers and to remove H ion

Ex: PET type of polyester made from two monomers

Question 3

Hydrolysis

Answer 3

Reverse process of dehydration synthesis where water is added back into the polymer
Ex: Water breaking down covalent bonds of amino acids in digestion

Question 4

Lipids

Answer 4

Hydrophobic molecules that are covalent bonds

Question 5

Fats

Answer 5

Glycerol fatty acids that are use for fuel and have saturated fatty acids

Question 6

Oils

Answer 6

Glycerol fatty acids that are use for fuel and have unsaturated fatty acids

Question 7

Phospholipids

Answer 7

Makes up membranes and are made of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Question 8

Steroids

Answer 8

Four rigid lipid molecules

Ex: cholesterol & estrogen

Question 9

Carbohydrates

Answer 9

Sugar polymers that are used for fuels and structures

Question 10

Monosaccharides

Answer 10

Single sugar molecules

Question 11

Disaccharides

Answer 11

Double sugar molecules

Question 12

Nucleic acids

Answer 12

Ex: DNA & RNA

Question 13

Proteins

Answer 13

“Workhorse” molecule of the cell (has a lot of functions)

Question 14

Primary Structure

Answer 14

Amino Acid sequence

Question 15

Secondary Structure

Answer 15

Hydrogen bonds on the same backbone of the same peptide

Question 16

Tertiary Structure

Answer 16

3D folded sheets & helices of the single peptide

Question 17

Quaternary Structure

Answer 17

Multiple peptide structures

Question 18

Peptide Bond

Answer 18

A bond with a carboxyl group and amino acid group attached