Biological Macromolecules

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

small molecules that can make bigger molecules

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

a bunch of monomers connected by covalent bond

Question 3

4 major classes of macromolecules

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 4

What connects the monomers together

Answer 4

covalent bond

Question 5

Examples of monomers

Answer 5

Sugars, Nucleotides, amino acids, nucleic acids

Question 6

Examples of Polymers

Answer 6

Protein and Cellulose

Question 7

Dehydration synthesis

Answer 7

a chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other requiring energy
Monomer -> Polymer

Question 8

Hydrolysis

Answer 8

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water releasing energy
Polymer -> Monomer

Question 9

Types of monosaccharides

Answer 9

Glucose, Frutose, Galactose

Question 10

Characteristics of monosaccharides

Answer 10

Soluble in water, sweet, all are reducing sugars

Question 11

Types of disaccharides

Answer 11

Maltose (malt sugar), Sucrose (cane sugar), lactose (milk sugar)

Question 12

Characteristics of disaccharides

Answer 12

Soluble in water, sweet, all reducing sugars except sucrose

Question 13

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 13

Maltose + water

Question 14

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 14

Sucrose + water

Question 15

Glucose + Galactose

Answer 15

Lactose + water

Question 16

Types of polysaccharides

Answer 16

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Question 17

Starch

Answer 17

Carbohydrate stored in plant cell

Question 18

Glycogen

Answer 18

Carbohydrate stored in animal cell

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

component of cell wall in plant cells, not soluble in water

Question 20

characteristics of polysaccharides

Answer 20

Not sweet in taste, many are insoluble in water, non-reducing sugars

Question 21

Functions of lipids

Answer 21

long term energy storage, insulation from environment for plants and animals, serve as building blocks for some hormones, important component of cellular membrane

Question 21

Types of lipids

Answer 21

Fats, waxes, phospholipids, steroids

Question 22

Saturated fats

Answer 22

high proportion of fatty acids molecules without double bonds and less healthy

Question 23

Unsaturated fats

Answer 23

Fat or fatty acid in which there is at least on double bond

Question 24

Functions of proteins

Answer 24

regulation functions, structural functions, protective functions, transport, enzymes, toxins

Question 25

Elements of proteins

Answer 25

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 26

Monomer of proteins

Answer 26

amino acids

Question 27

Types of nucleic acids

Answer 27

DNA and RNA

Question 28

Location of nucleic acids

Answer 28

Nucleus of eukaryotic cells, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, prokaryotic cells

Question 29

DNA

Answer 29

a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

Question 30

Monomers of nucleic acids

Answer 30

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugars, phosphate groups

Question 31

Base pairing

Answer 31

C <-> G and T <-> A

Question 32

pentose sugars

Answer 32

DNA and RNA

Question 33

nitrogenous base

Answer 33

Pyrimidines: Cytosine (C) + thymine (T) Purines: Adenine (A) + Guanine (G)

Question 34

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 34

carry proteins information (transcription)

Question 35

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer 35

carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes

Question 36

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 36

carry amino acids to the ribosomes for protein production