biological explanations

Question 1

what is the idea of family studies relative to the genetic basis

Answer 1

risk of sz increases in line with genetic similarity to a relative with the disorder

Question 2

who did family studies and what did they find

Answer 2

gottesman 1991
48% identical twins
9% sibling risk of developing sz

Question 3

what are candidate genes relative to the genetic basis

Answer 3

sz is polygenic, one of the genes codes for dopamine

Question 4

who researched into candidate genes and what did they find

Answer 4

ripke et al 2014
data from genome wide studies
37000 sz compared to 113,000 controls.
108 seperate genetic variations
therefore sz is aetiologically heterogenic

Question 5

what is mutation in relation to the genetic basis

Answer 5

mutations in parents dna (caused by enviromental factors like radiation)
positive correllation between paternal age and risk of sz

Question 6

strength of the genetic basis

Answer 6

tenari et all 2004
adoption study
adopted children still have risk from biological parents w sz no matter the enviroment

Question 7

limitation of genetic basis

Answer 7

enviromental factors
morgan et al found link with birth complications
di forti et all found links w smoking cannibis

Question 8

what is the neural basis

Answer 8

neurotransmitter dopamine is linked to sz

Question 9

whats the original dopamine hypothesis

Answer 9

drugs used to trat sz caused parkinsons symptoms as low dopamine disorder
therefore sz caused by high dopamine levels
high dopamine in brocas is speech pov

Question 10

what is the updated dopamine hypotheisis

Answer 10

davis et al 1991 suggested low da levels may explain other sz symptoms
both high/low levels explain sz