Biological Evidence

Question 1

Sources of biological material (8)

Answer 1

blood
semen
saliva
urine
hair, bone, teeth, tissue

Question 2

what crimes involving fluids 5

Answer 2

SA
assault
homicide
burglaries
desecrations

Question 3

process of examination

Answer 3

recognition
identification
individualization

Question 4

serology

Answer 4

the study of bodily fluids using specific antigen and serum antibody reactions

Question 5

secretors

Answer 5

80% of population have blood antigens A and B

Question 6

types of bodily fluids (4)

Answer 6

urine
saliva
semen
blood

Question 7

what is urine

Answer 7

water secreted by the kidneys

Question 8

tests for urine

Answer 8

Azostix: detects urease
Jaffe test: detects creatinine

Question 9

what is saliva

Answer 9

99.5% water, 0.5% mucus etc.

Question 10

tests for saliva

Answer 10

Phadebas test, Procion red amylopectin test: detect a-Amylase activity.

Question 11

what is semen

Answer 11

seminal fluid

Question 12

tests for semen

Answer 12

UV
APase
Fast Blue B dye

Question 13

How is semen individual

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

how many rapes per hour

Answer 14

78

Question 15

?/10 rape victims are female

Answer 15

9

Question 16

what to collect in a rape case (7)

Answer 16

clothing
bedding
fingernail scrapings
hair
blood
urine
semen

Question 17

what is blood

Answer 17

mix of cells, enzymes, proteins, inorganic substances

Question 18

blood components

Answer 18

55% plasma (water+wastes, salts, ions, etc)
rest is ctyes

Question 19

erythrocytes

Answer 19

red blood cells. no DNA. contain hemoglobin

Question 20

leukocytes

Answer 20

white blood cells. primary cells of the immune system. produce anti body’s

Question 21

thrombocytes

Answer 21

platelets. clot the blood.

Question 22

how is blood type determined

Answer 22

antigens found on RBC’s, antibodies produced by WBC’s

Question 23

universal donor

Answer 23

O-

Question 24

universal acceptor

Answer 24

AB+

Question 25

how many blood sub types are there

Answer 25

100

Question 26

what determines + or - blood

Answer 26

Rh factor

Question 27

how to test is it blood

Answer 27

Oxidizable colorless chemical+ an oxidizing agent catalyzed by hemoglobin

Question 28

luminol

Answer 28

fluorescent with hemoglobin

Question 29

Kastle-Meyer test

Answer 29

PHTH turns bright pink with blood

Question 30

Teichmann Crystal test

Answer 30

if it’s human it will form brown visible crystals under the microscope

Question 31

Takayama Crystal test

Answer 31

if it’s human it will form pink needle-shaped crystals under the microscope

Question 32

Precipitin Test

Answer 32

animal blood will form a coagulated band at interception with human blood

Question 33

things to consider with blood spatter (5)

Answer 33

surface texture
direction of travel
angle of impact
stain convergence lines
point of origin