BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Question 1

What is diversity and why is it important?

Answer 1

variety of life on Earth - it’s important to have diversity so we can have the healthy ecosystem we need.

Question 2

What is a species?

Answer 2

one particular type of living thing. can interbreed to produce viable offspring

Question 3

What is variation within, and between species.

Answer 3

within - not all identical, have variations that ditinguish them form each other
between - each species adapts for survival in its specific environment

Question 4

What are the benefits of variation?

Answer 4

promotes natural selection

Question 5

What is the difference between structural and behavioral adaptations?

Answer 5

structural - structures an organism has

behavioural - things an organism does

Question 6

How do adaptations help organisms survive?

Answer 6

it helps them have traits that allow it to survive in its specific environment

Question 7

What is a niche?

Answer 7

niche - role it play within its environment

Question 8

Explain the difference between broad and narrow niche.

Answer 8

broad (generalists) - able to survive a broad range of environmental conditions
ex. humans, cockroaches, coyotes
narrow (specialists) - adapted to survive in only one kind of environment
ex. koala bears, penguins, panda bears

Question 9

Explain the dangers of having a narrow niche.

Answer 9

they are sensity to changes in their environment so they will often die if their habitat is disturbed

Question 10

Explain using examples the three types of symbiotic relationships (commensalism, pararsitism, mutualism)

Answer 10

commensalism - (+), (=), one benefits and one isn’t affected, bird building nest on tree
parasitism - (+), (-), one benefits and one is harmed, bed bug in a human host
mutalism - (+), (+), both benefit, honey badger and honey guide

Question 11

What is heredity?

Answer 11

the genetic heritage passed down by parents

Question 12

Explain four types of asexual reproduction using examples.

Answer 12

binary fission - when a single celled organism divides in half to make a clone of itself
ex. one-celled organisms like bacteria
budding - when an organism creates small “buds” that witll grow into new clones
ex. yeast, coral
spores - seed-like structure that produce clones of the parent organism
ex. mushrooms, moulds, ferns
vegetative reproduction - when a plant makes clones of itself
ex. runners, cuttings, and tubers

Question 13

Explain how plants reproduce asexually and sexually (know important plant parts).

Question 14

How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction? What are the advantages to either? Disadvantages?

Answer 14

Sexual reproduction you need two parents whereas you only need one for asexual

sexual - higher chance of survival - mating finding takes time
asexual -

Question 15

What is a gamete? What is a fertilized cell?

Answer 15

gamete - half cells from male & female

fertilized cell - zygote

Question 16

What is the difference between internal and external fertilization? Which type is more likely to ensure the survival of the species?

Question 17

Explain how traits are inherited. (explain genetics)

Question 18

Use examples to explain the difference between continuous and discrete variations.

Answer 18

continuous - any trait that has a range of possibilities
ex. hair colour, skin colour
discrete - any trait that has a limited number or possibilities
ex. tongue roller, blood type

Question 19

Use examples to explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits. (punnett square)

Answer 19

dominant - trait that takes charge over any other allele

recessive - trait that only shows up in offspring if you have two recessive alleles

Question 20

What causes mutations? How can they be both good and bad?

Answer 20

mutations - changes in the structure of organisms
mutagens - xrays, uv rays, some chemicals

could be good changes, could cause cancer

Question 21

Explain the DNA strand and its nucleotides.

Answer 21

Adenine
Thymine

Cytosine
Guanine

Question 22

How are chromosomes formed?

Answer 22

DNA wraps around proteins

Question 23

Explain/diagram out mitosis. What type of cell reproduces this way?

Answer 23

produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

eukaryotes

Question 24

Explain/diagram out Meiosis What type of cells reproduces this way?

Answer 24

reduces the chormosome number in half 2n -> n
diploid -> haploid
two rounds of division
four haploid daughter cells are produced

Question 25

Diagram or explain the process of fertilization starting from a gamete ending with adult producing gametes. How many chromosomes are at each stage?

Question 26

The egg and sperm of the same species would have how many chromosomes?

Question 27

What is biotechnology? What area is it used in? What are the benefits and dangers involved? What type of practice has the longest history? Which type creates the greatest/lowest loss of diversity?

Question 28

What is the difference between artificial and natural selection? List the advantages and disadvantages of both.

Question 29

What are the human impacts on biodiversity?

Question 30

What is a bioindicator species? Give an example of some.

Question 31

Explain the roles of zoos with biodiverstiy.