BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Flashcards
What is diversity and why is it important?
variety of life on Earth - it’s important to have diversity so we can have the healthy ecosystem we need.
What is a species?
one particular type of living thing. can interbreed to produce viable offspring
What is variation within, and between species.
within - not all identical, have variations that ditinguish them form each other
between - each species adapts for survival in its specific environment
What are the benefits of variation?
promotes natural selection
What is the difference between structural and behavioral adaptations?
structural - structures an organism has
behavioural - things an organism does
How do adaptations help organisms survive?
it helps them have traits that allow it to survive in its specific environment
What is a niche?
niche - role it play within its environment
Explain the difference between broad and narrow niche.
broad (generalists) - able to survive a broad range of environmental conditions
ex. humans, cockroaches, coyotes
narrow (specialists) - adapted to survive in only one kind of environment
ex. koala bears, penguins, panda bears
Explain the dangers of having a narrow niche.
they are sensity to changes in their environment so they will often die if their habitat is disturbed
Explain using examples the three types of symbiotic relationships (commensalism, pararsitism, mutualism)
commensalism - (+), (=), one benefits and one isn’t affected, bird building nest on tree
parasitism - (+), (-), one benefits and one is harmed, bed bug in a human host
mutalism - (+), (+), both benefit, honey badger and honey guide
What is heredity?
the genetic heritage passed down by parents
Explain four types of asexual reproduction using examples.
binary fission - when a single celled organism divides in half to make a clone of itself
ex. one-celled organisms like bacteria
budding - when an organism creates small “buds” that witll grow into new clones
ex. yeast, coral
spores - seed-like structure that produce clones of the parent organism
ex. mushrooms, moulds, ferns
vegetative reproduction - when a plant makes clones of itself
ex. runners, cuttings, and tubers
Explain how plants reproduce asexually and sexually (know important plant parts).
How does sexual reproduction differ from asexual reproduction? What are the advantages to either? Disadvantages?
Sexual reproduction you need two parents whereas you only need one for asexual
sexual - higher chance of survival - mating finding takes time
asexual -
What is a gamete? What is a fertilized cell?
gamete - half cells from male & female
fertilized cell - zygote
What is the difference between internal and external fertilization? Which type is more likely to ensure the survival of the species?
Explain how traits are inherited. (explain genetics)
Use examples to explain the difference between continuous and discrete variations.
continuous - any trait that has a range of possibilities
ex. hair colour, skin colour
discrete - any trait that has a limited number or possibilities
ex. tongue roller, blood type
Use examples to explain the difference between dominant and recessive traits. (punnett square)
dominant - trait that takes charge over any other allele
recessive - trait that only shows up in offspring if you have two recessive alleles
What causes mutations? How can they be both good and bad?
mutations - changes in the structure of organisms
mutagens - xrays, uv rays, some chemicals
could be good changes, could cause cancer
Explain the DNA strand and its nucleotides.
Adenine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine
How are chromosomes formed?
DNA wraps around proteins
Explain/diagram out mitosis. What type of cell reproduces this way?
produces two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
eukaryotes
Explain/diagram out Meiosis What type of cells reproduces this way?
reduces the chormosome number in half 2n -> n
diploid -> haploid
two rounds of division
four haploid daughter cells are produced
