Biological Development in Infancy and Childhood Flashcards
T or f? Sperm meets egg; a child is conceived.
T
Some amount of chance is involved. T or f?
T
What refers to the act of becoming pregnant?
Conception
What involves the ovary’s release of a mature egg into the body cavity near the end of one of the fallopian tubes?
Ovulation
Where does fertilization occur?
The third of the fallopian tube nearest the ovary
T or f? Fertilization occurs during the exact moment sperm and egg meet.
T
What is a zygote?
The genetic material in the egg and sperm that combine to form the single-cell.
What chromosome do eggs contain?
X
What chromosome(s) does sperm contain?
X or Y
T or f? Eggs fertilized by sperm w/X = female and Y=male.
T
T or f? The single-celled zygote begins a cell division process in which the cell divides to form 2 cells, then 4, 8, and so on.
T
What refers to the period of time from conception to birth?
Gestation
How can pregnancy be detected?
Using laboratory tests, by observing the mother’s phys symptoms, performing a phys exam.
How accurate are lab tests and where can they be performed?
98 to 99 percent at a Planned Parenthood agency, a medical clinic, or a physician’s office
How do pregnancy tests work?
By detecting human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in a woman’s urine or blood.
How early can lab tests detect HCG?
8 days after conception
T or f? The use of home pregnancy tests (HPTs) has become quite common.
T
T or f? HPTs are more likely to be accurate if administered after more time has passed.
T
Most HPTs function in a similar fashion. T or f?
T
T or f? Most HPTs stress retaking the test a few days or a week later to confirm its accuracy.
T
T or f? Because HCG increases as the pregnancy progresses, HPTs become more accurate as time goes on.
T
T or f? Although research has suggested that most home preg. tests don’t consistently spot pregnancy early, hpts are deemed reliable when used according to package instruction 1 week after a missed period.
T
T or f? Although HPTs can be highly accurate there is room for error.
T
What can cause HPTs to be wrong?
Sunlight exposure, accidental vibrations, using an unclean container to collect urine, examining results too early or too late
T or f? Early knowledge of pregnancy is important either to begin early health care or to make a decision about terminating a pregnancy.
T
T or f? An average human pregnancy lasts about 280 days.
T
Each trimester is characterized by certain aspects of fetal development. t or f
T
The first trimester is sometimes considered the most critical. T or f?
T
T or f? Because of the embryo’s rapid differentiation and development of tissue, the embryo is vulnerable to mom’s intake of noxious substances and aspects of the mom’s health.
T
By the end of the 1st month, what has developed?
Primitive heart, digestive system;
T or f? In the first month, the embryo bears little resemblance to a baby because its organs have just begun to differentiate.
T
The embryo begins to resemble human form more closely during the second month. T or f?
T
T or f? The 2-month old embryo is less than an inch long and weighs about 1/3 an ounce.
T
T or f? During the first trimester, the mom experiences various symptoms such as nausea, referred to as morning sickness; symptoms resemble those often cited by women when first taking birth control pills.
T
T or f? The 3rd month involves the formation of arms, hands, legs, and feet; fetal movement detected.
T
Fetal development continues during the second trimester. T or f?
T
The fetus starts to sleep and wake at regular times during the second trimester and its thumb may be inserted into its mouth. T or f?
T
For the mother, most of the unappealing symptoms of the first trimester subside by the second trimester but some women suffer edema, or water retention, which results in swollen hands, face, ankles, or feet. T or f?
T
T or f? The third trimester involves completing the development of the fetus. The brain and nervous system become completely developed.
T
T or f? An important concept that becomes relevant during the 6th and 7th months of gestation is viability.
T
What is viability?
The ability of the fetus to survive on its own if separated from the mom.
When does the viability issue become critical?
In the context of abortion.
T or f? For the mom, the third trimester may be a time of some discomfort.
T
In the third trimester, other normal weight increases include those of the uterus, blood, and breasts as part of the body’s natural adaptation to pregnancy. T or f?
T
T or f? Numerous factors can influence the health and development of the fetus and these include the mom-to-be’s nutrition, drugs and meds, alcohol intake, smoking habits, age, maternal stress, and other factors.
T
T or f? A pregnant women is indeed eating for two.
T
T or f? A women who is underweight before pregnancy might require a greater weight gain to maintain a healthy pregnancy.
T
Being underweight or overweight poses risks to the fetus. T or f?
T
Because the effects of many drugs on the fetus are unclear, pregnant women are cautioned to be wary of drug use. T or f?
T
What are substances, including drugs, that cause malformation in the fetus.
Teratogens
What was a type of tranquilizer that was found to produce either flipperlike appendance in place of arms or legs, or no arms or legs at all?
Thalidomide
Non-prescription, otc drugs like aspirin or caffeine, and vitamins should be consumed with care. T or f?
T
It is difficult to separate out the direct effects of specific drugs because of numerous other factors involved.
T
T or f? Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) is a condition that manifests relatively less severe problems than fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), presumably resulting from lower levels of alcohol consumption.
T
What factor is associated w/low birth weight, preterm births, breathing difficulties, fetal and crib death?
Smoking
T or f? Some research found a relationship between mom’s smoking during pregnancy and a child having behavioral and emotional problems when the child reaches school age.
T
