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Biological Classification Flashcards

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1
Q

Earliest classification was done by?

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

Aristotle divided plants into 3 categories name them? And animals into two categories name them?

A

Trees ,herbs, shrubs
Anaima rbc absent
Enaima

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3
Q

Earliest classification by Aristotle was based on whic characters?

A

Simple morphological characters

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4
Q

Two kingdom classification was done by?
Three kingdom classification was done by?
Four kingdom classification was done by?
Five kingdom classification was done by?
6 kingdom classification was done by

A

Linear carlinus
Earnest heckle
Coplain
RH vitekar
Car blues

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5
Q

Earnest heckle added ___in two kingdom classification
Coplane added ____in three kingdom classification
Whittaker added ____ in 4 kingdom classification
Address is the domain system by cargos and how many kingdoms?

A

Protista
Monera
Fungi
He divided Monera into u bacteria archive bacteria so the total Kingdom are 6 are eubacteria archibacteria fungi plant and animalian protista

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6
Q

Address the four problems for classification by carlins

A

1 cell under plant which have cell wall
Fungi example fungi bacteria blue green algae bryophyta pteridophytes gymnosperm and angiosperms
So both so both prokaryotic and eukaryotic a place together
2 fungi which is saprophytic heterotroph and plant which is autotrophs are placed together under Kingdom plantae
3 chlamydomonas which is unicellular and spirogyra which is multicellular group together
4.Fungi which cell wall has guiding and plant which cell wall a cellulose and pacting a place together.

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7
Q

Five kingdom classification of Whittaker have five criteria which are they

A

Cell organisation prokaryot or eukaryote
Body structure or organisation
Mode of reproduction
Phylogenetic relationships
mode of nutrition

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8
Q

Monera is a ____cell
It is unicellular or multicellular
It’s nucleus has a genetic material called – and held together by

A

Prokaryotic cell
It is unicellular organism
Genetic material is nucleoid and RNA +nonstone protein

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9
Q

Eukaryotes contains four kingdoms named them
Protista is — organism
Fungi are ____ called and have___ body organization
Planti has ___ body organisation
Animals have ___ type of body organisation

A

Protista fungi planting animalia
Unicellular
multicellular and have loose tissue organisation
Tissue organisation seen in plant
Tissue organ system organisation scene in animals

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10
Q

___ are solemembers of Monera

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

Abundant microorganism comes in which Kingdom?

A

Monera

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12
Q

Four types of shapes are seen in bacteria name them
Spherical like
Rod like
Comma like
Spiral like

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Vibrio spiralum

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13
Q

Which Kingdom or as a group have most extensive metabolic development or great nutritional diversity

A

Bacteria in Kingdom monera

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14
Q

State true or false
Bacteriors are autotrophic and heterotrophic but majoritys are heterotrophic

A

True

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15
Q

State the four nutritional diversity seen in bacteria

A

Photosynthetic autotrophic heterotrophic chemosynthetic
In chemosynthetic there is oxidation breakdown of nitrates nitride and ammonia

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16
Q

Monera Kingdom is divided into two sub categories

A

Eu bacteria and archi bacteria

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17
Q

Archi bacteria lives in Harsh habitats due to its well developed cell wall structure true or false

A

True

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18
Q

Name the archi bacteria that lives in salty condition
Name the archi bacterial that leaves in hot springs
Name the type of archi bacteria that found in a ruminant and of cattles and marshy areas

A

Halophiles thermodo thermosidophiles methanogens

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19
Q

Methanogens produce ____ gas
Methanogens are anaerobic in nature, true or false

A

Methane Gas or biogas
Through methanogens anaerobic as the leaves under another organism

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20
Q

Cyanobacteria is also called as ____ and state that three examples

A

Blue green algae which don’t come under plant they are bacteria
Nostock annabelle oscillatory

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21
Q

The following features are describes the cyanobacteria state their true or false

A

Cyanobacteria or blue green algae are photosynthetic autotrophs means the content chlorophyll A
O2 releasing
found in unicellular or colonial or filamentous State
Surrounded by gelatinous sheet
Often forms blooms in water so they are pollution indicators (well there is less pollution be find bga)
They container specialist cell college heterocyst which is nitrogen fixing cell means it converts nitrogen dioxide to ammonia with help of Amazon which is Oxygen sensitive and ammonia further forms proteins

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22
Q

___is a smallest cell found as diameter is___

A

Mycoplasma with a diameter of 0.3 micrometer

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23
Q

Mycoplasma aur pathanogenic to humans plants because mycoplasmine pneumonia
Mycoplasma bacteria is without cell wall
MycoPlasma follows facultative aerobic respiration
State true or false

A

All statements are true

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24
Q

Protista is a unicellular eukaryotic organism mostly aquatic as life origin in waters true or false

A

True

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25
Q

State nutritional diversity shown by protista name 3

A

heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Mixotrophic

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26
Q

What is endo symbiotic theory for production of protista

A

Symbiotic theory it state that a cell eukaryotic cell angles the prokaryotic photosynthetic cell such as chloroplast within it so mitochondria first form then chloroplast evolution tells ud

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27
Q

Name five classification done in Kingdom protista or classes

A

Dinoflagellate
protozoan
Euglenoids
Chrysopytes
Slime mould

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28
Q

State two classes of protista which are photosynthetic
State which class of protista is heterotrophs

Statewhich class of protista is mixotrophic

A

Dinoflagellate and chrysopytes our photosynthetic
Euglenoids I mixotropic
Slime moles and protozoans are heterotrophs

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29
Q

Most photosynthetic organisms found in sea

A

Chrysopytes do all photosynthetic so cry

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30
Q

Chrysopytes are found in ?

A

Aquatic+Marine

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31
Q

Chief producer of ocean is

A

Chrysopytes (diatom)

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32
Q

Movement of chrysopytes is

A

Passive

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33
Q

Chrysopytes are called __ due to there passive movement

A

Pytoplanton

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34
Q

Name two class classification under chrysopytes

A

Desmides and diatom

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35
Q

Diatoms diatoms are microscopic in nature true or false
Desmides are also called golden algae because they are yellow and brown in colour due to the carotenoids

A

True

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36
Q

The clay that is found in Ocean due to diatoms is called as dash and used for filtration of syrup oil polishing

A

Diatomesous earth

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37
Q

Dinoflagellates are freshwater and mostly marine

A

True

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38
Q

Dinoflage rates are colourful in nature due to different pigments and also photosynthes

A

True

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39
Q

__ plates are found on the surface of dinoflage

A

Cellulose plates

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40
Q

Name two flagellas that are found on the body of Dino flagellates body of dino flagellates

A

Longitudinal flagella and transverse flagella like diayan

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41
Q

The causes red tidess and belong to which division

A

Gonulex causes red tide

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42
Q

Euglinoids have which type of Nutrition mode

A

Mixotrophic nature

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43
Q

How many flajilas are found on euglenoids and their length is

A

2
Unequal

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44
Q

Euglenoids have a protective covering of ___layer

A

Pellicle protein layer

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45
Q

Euglenoids are mostly freshwater in nature true or false

A

True

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46
Q

Slime moulds are having which type of nutritional diversity

A

Saprophytic nutrition

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47
Q

The multi nucleated condition found in slime mould is called __

A

Coenocytic

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48
Q

What is syncytium condition

A

A new cell formed and then there c cytoplasm fused

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49
Q

What is the coenocytic condition

A

New cells doesn’t form only nucleus divided and form a multi nucleated condition

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50
Q

The multi nucleated condition found in a slime mould is called as ___ state

A

Plasmodium state

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51
Q

In unfavorable condition slime mould form

A

Fruiting body means spores by meiosis

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52
Q

Important features of spores found in fruiting body of plasmodium of slime mould

A

The spores has a true cell wall same as a plant pores having exine and intine

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53
Q

Which class from protista is called as ancestor of animals it is heterotrophic in nature

A

Protozoan

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54
Q

Protozoan is divided into further for classes name them

A

Amy boiled protozoan flagellated protozoan ciliated protozoan sporozones

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55
Q

Feature of Ameboid protozole and their examples

A

Have pseudopodia examples are amiba and enta amoeba

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56
Q

Amoeba is aquatic in nature and entamoba causes an amoeba dysentery

A

True

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57
Q

Marine forms of amoid protozoan have __shells

A

Silica

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58
Q

Feature of flagellated protozoan examples are

A

Flagellated protozoan have flagella example trypanosoma (sleeping sickness)

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59
Q

Vector of sleeping sickness

A

Tee tee fly

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60
Q

Trichomonas is an example of __ and causes which STD

A

Flagellated protozoan
Trichomonas

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61
Q

The mouth that found in ciliated protozoan is called as for food injection

A

Gullet

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62
Q

How many nucleus are found in ciliated protozoa name them

A

Macronucleus micronucleus

63
Q

Which vacuole is found in protista or ciliated protozole

A

Contractile vacuole

64
Q

Micronucleus of selected protozoan is used for – purpose and macronucleus is used for – purpose

A

Reproduction and vegetative

65
Q

Examples of ciliated protozoan

A

paramecium slipper

66
Q

Sporozones n’s are called as __ heterotrophs

A

Parasitic parasiticrops

67
Q

Sporozones have spores like stage in life cycle

A

True

68
Q

Sporozones example

A

Plasmodium causes malaria

69
Q

Fungi is a which type of eukaryot unicellular or multicellular

A

Multicellular eukaryot

70
Q

Fungi is filamentous in nature except one unicellular fungi which

A

Yeast

71
Q

Scientific name for yeast

A

Sacrific services

72
Q

Fungi body contains thread like structure called as

A

Hypae

73
Q

Network of high hyphae called as

A

Mycelium

74
Q

Two types of mycelium are

A

Coenocytic
Sepate

75
Q

What is plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Dikaryon

A

Plasmo game is a fusion of protoplast between two motel or non-motile gametes
Karao gaming is a fusion of two nuclei
Dikaryon is two nuclei cell stage

76
Q

Name four divisions for fungi

A

Phycomytes
Ascomytes
Basidomytes
Dueteromytes

77
Q

Dikaryon stage is seen in which division of fungi

A

Ascomytes and biasdomytes

78
Q

Sexual cycle in fungi is follow as

A

Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Meiosis to form spores

79
Q

Psycho mycetes is called as a primitive one due to

A

Aseptate and coenocytic condition

80
Q

Branched and separate conditions of hyphae are found in which division

A

Ascomytes
Basidomytes
Dueteromytes

81
Q

Mycelium is found in which division

A

Ascomytes basidomytes Deuteromytes

82
Q

Mnemonic for sexual asexual spores in fungi

A

Bas |ac physics dc|

83
Q

Phycomytes have sexual spores for reproduction

A

False primitive one

84
Q

Name two exogenously produced spores

A

Conidiophores and basidospores (BC)rest all are endogenously produced

85
Q

A sexual and sexual spores found in ascomytes

A

Ascospores
Conidiophores

86
Q

Basidomytes se sexual and a sexual s p o r e

A

Bacidiospore
There is no. asexual spores in basiromycetes

87
Q

Dueteromytes doesn’t have which spores asexual or a sexual ,and asexual spores is called as

A

Sexual
Conidiophores

88
Q

Two divisions under sporenzgiospore

A

Aplanospores (non motile )
Zoopores (motile)

89
Q

Phycomytes are found in which habitat and their examples and mnemonics

A

Found in the declaying wood, dam places parasites
Mucor rhizopus albugo
RAM

90
Q

Ascomytes Is also called as which fungi

A

Sac fungi

91
Q

Ascomytes grown on dung called as

A

Caprophilous

92
Q

Ascomytes is decomposer and parsites

A

True

93
Q

Albugo is parasites on 2

A

Mustard
White rust of crucifers

94
Q

Unicellular fungi yeast t is found in which division

A

Ascomytes

95
Q

Examples of ascomytes (6)

A

Asparagus morals and truffles penicillium yeast neurospora
Clavicle

96
Q

Which fungi is used in a genetic work and belong to which division

A

Neurospora ascomytes

97
Q

Edible delicacy of ascomytes are

A

Morals and truffles

98
Q

Basidomytes also called as

A

Bracket fungi/puff body

99
Q

Sex oragan in basiromycetes is present or absent

A

Absent

100
Q

Examples of basiromyce and its pneumonic

A

Puccinia agaracuss(mushroom ) ustilgo
Punjab agriculture University

101
Q

Puccinia casues _

A

White rust

102
Q

Ustilgo casues

A

Smut

103
Q

Dueteromytes is also called as _ fungi
Why

A

Imperfect fungi sexual spores absent

104
Q

Examples of deteriomyceous

A

Collentatterichum
Alternia
Trichoderma
CAT

105
Q

Explanation of dikaryon stage

A

See notes

106
Q

Lichen is found in a polluted rich area
True or false

A

False becoz its a pollution indicator

107
Q

Lichen is a mixture of ___and ___

A

Algae And fungi

108
Q

Algael component in lichen is called

A

Phycobiant

109
Q

The fungal component in lichen is called as

A

Mycobiant

110
Q

In lichen which part is autotrophs thus provide food

A

Algael

111
Q

Heterotrophic part of lichen which also provide shelter and water and mineral

A

Fungal

112
Q

Viruses are ___ parasites

A

Obilgate ( always depends)

113
Q

Viruses are ___ inside the host and ___ outside the host

A

Live
Dead

114
Q

Viruses are considered as living organisms

A

No virus dont have cellular structure

115
Q

Viruses are non cellular organisms
Take over the machinery of host
Replicit and start killing host cells

A

True

116
Q

Viruses are made up of ___

A

Nucleoproteins

117
Q

Which part of the virus is infectious

A

Nucleic acid (dna or RNA)

118
Q

Protein coats of viruses are called as ___ and made of many —

A

Capsid
Capseomer

119
Q

Capseomer arranged itself into helical in which virus

A

TMV

120
Q

Capseomer arranged in polyhedral in which viruses

A

Bateriophage

121
Q

The term contagium vivum fluidium given by

A

Mw beejerink

122
Q

First own to crystalliza virus

A

Stanley

123
Q

Plant viruses have nucleic acid

A

Ss rna

124
Q

Anime viruses have nucleic acid

A

Ds/ss rna
Ds dna

125
Q

Bateriophages have nucleic acid

A

Ds DNA

126
Q

Viroids are made up of

A

Nucleic acid RNA only

127
Q

Prions are made up of

A

Only protein

128
Q

Virio_ds term is discovered by

A

T.oDeinere

129
Q

Viroids cause which disease in plants

A

Potato spindle tuber disease

130
Q

Viroids have low molecular weight Rna

A

True

131
Q

Prions cause which disease in cattles and humans

A

Mad cow disease
Cr jacob disease

132
Q

Full form of BSE in cattle also called as mad cow disease

A

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in catle

133
Q

BSE have analogous variant

A

Cjd

134
Q

Mycorrhiza is formed by

A

Roots of highter plant and fungi

135
Q

Mycoplasma can survive without /with oxygen

A

Without

136
Q

___is also known as jokers of plant Kingdom

A

Mycoplasma

137
Q

Protista reproduces sexually and sexually by process involving ___ and ___

A

Cell fusion and zygote formation

138
Q

____can also show bio luminesce due to photogenic granules in cytoplasm hence they are also called as night light

A

Dinoflagellate

139
Q

Some species of dinoflagulates are taken as a food by ___

A

Mussels

140
Q

Euglenoids are Freshwater organisms found in __ water

A

Stagnet water

141
Q

Slime mould can form a aggregation under suitable condition called as

A

Plasmodium

142
Q

Example for slime mould is

A

Physarum

143
Q

Protozoans are divided on the basis of ___ into 4 major groups

A

Locomotory organs

144
Q

Nuclear dimorphism are shown by which protozoan

A

Ciliated protozoan

145
Q

All sporozone are endoparasite

A

True

146
Q

Locomotory organs in sporozone

A

Absent

147
Q

Fungis are Cosmos pollutant

A

Means they can found in air water soil on animals and plants everywhere and the prefer to grow in warm and you need places

148
Q

Kingdom fungi is divided into various classes depending upon

A

Morphology of mycelium mode of spore formation and furiting bodies

149
Q

Casuta is a parasite

A

True

150
Q

Eukaryotic chlorophyll containing organisms are called as

A

Plants

151
Q

Life cycle of plants have a two distance pages the haploids sporophytic and a diploid gamo fighting the alternation with each other this phenomena is called is alternation of generation

A

True

152
Q

The name virus was coined by scientist

A

Pasteur

153
Q

Pirons are not affected by protease nucleases and UV rays

A

True

Biology (3 decks)

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