Biological Chemistry/Macromolecules Flashcards
draw fructose in its ring form
draw fructose in its linear form
draw glucose in its ring form
draw glucose in its linear form
what is the nomenclature for carbohydrates?
- Number of carbons
- Aldose or ketose sugars
- Alpha or beta
- D and L isomers
how do the aldose and ketose carbs vary?
- In an aldose group, the C with the carbonyl group is C1 (glucose)
- In a ketose sugar, it is on C2 (fructose)
how do the alpha and the beta version vary for carbs?
- Alpha - below the plane: the hydroxyl is opposite the CH2OH
- Beta - above the plane: the hydrozyl is near the CH2OH
What are the D and L versions - position of OH on penultimate carbon?
- Left is an L sugar (above the plane)
- Right is a D sugar (below the plane)- this is the type found in biological systems
How does a disaccharide form?
what are the common disaccharides?
- glucose + glucose = maltose
- glucose + fructose = sucrose
- glucose + galactose = lactose
what is a lipid?
they are hydrophobic and are used for energy store
what is a fatty acid?
- monomer of lipids
- Amphipathic molecule
- Hydrophilic carboxylic acid head is ionized and polar
- All the carbons are single bonded - saturated
what is a triaglycerol?
- Glycerol with 3 fatty acids that is used to store energy
- The double bonded unsaturated fatty acids adds kinks in tails
- The single bonded saturated fatty acids allows them to pack together efficiently
- Hydrophobic interactions between the tails
what is a major component of biological membranes?
phospholipid bilayer
what is a phospholipid?
what is cholesterol?
found in the hydrophobic region of the membrane (near the tails) where they help maintain membrane fluidity
what are diasterioisomers?
they have the same molecular formulas but are structurally mirror images of each other. hence, they are different and unique molecules
