Biological Changes

Question 1

What happens to brain neurons as we age?

Answer 1

0-50% decrease

Question 2

What happens to glomeruli as we age?

Answer 2

50% decrease

Question 3

What happens to liver weight as we age?

Answer 3

20% decrease

Question 4

What happens to coronary blood flow as we age?

Answer 4

30% decrease

Question 5

What happens to vital capacity as we age?

Answer 5

40% decrease

Question 6

What happens to max breathing capacity as we age?

Answer 6

80% decrease

Question 7

What happens to GFR as we age?

Answer 7

Decrease 50%

Question 8

What happens to muscle strength as we age?

Answer 8

Decreases 20%

Question 9

What is the average height loss between ages 20-80?

Answer 9

1-4 inches

Question 10

What happens to the arch of the foot as we age?

Answer 10

Flattens

Question 11

What happens to the spinal curvature as we age?

Answer 11

Increased

Question 12

What must be done to Ca level supplementation after menopause?

Answer 12

Double

Question 13

What are the skin changes seen with aging?

Answer 13

Thinning of the epidermis
Loss of elasticity
Loss of subcutaneous adipose

Question 14

What is xerosis?

Answer 14

Dry skin

Question 15

What are the eye changes in geriatric patients?

Answer 15

Decrease tears
Ectropion
Iris fades

Question 16

Why are greens and blues bad with aging?

Answer 16

Cones degenerate

Question 17

Presbycusis affects which sex more?

Answer 17

Males

Question 18

By what age do most adults have trouble hearing above 4000 Hz?

Answer 18

60

Question 19

What is the range of normal speech (hz)?

Answer 19

500-2000

Question 20

By age 70, CO is reduced by what?

Answer 20

up to 70%

Question 21

Why does the heart muscle get more irritable as we age?

Answer 21

Hypoxia

Question 22

What vitamin in particular do we have problems absorbing as we age?

Answer 22

B12

Question 23

What happens to the bone marrow as we age?

Answer 23

fatty deposition

Question 24

What happens to cerebral blood flow by age 70?

Answer 24

up to 20% decrease

Question 25

Decreases in dopamine = ?

Answer 25

Parkinsonism

Question 26

Decreases in Ach = ?

Answer 26

Dementias

Question 27

What are the three leading causes of death in geriatric patients?

Answer 27

1. Heart
2. CA
3. Lower lung infx

Question 28

refer for audiometry testing if

Answer 28

Unable to perceive letter/number combination whispered at a distance of 2 feet

acknowledge hearing loss

Question 29

low BMI in an elderly patient is

Answer 29

Watch for low BMI (<20 kg/m2)

Question 30

Rate of cognitive decline

Answer 30

doubles every 5 yrs after age 65;
nearly 50% of those aged 90+
Most people with dementia do not complain of memory loss

Question 31

what are the Serological markers of inflamm-aging

Answer 31

Elevated concentrations of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and CRP
Increased numbers of Treg and Th17 cells