Biological Basis of Bx - part 2

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

individual nerve cell

Question 2

dendrite

Answer 2

neuron fibers that receive incoming messages

Question 3

soma

Answer 3

main body of a neuron or cell

Question 4

axon

Answer 4

fiber extending away from the soma that carries info away from the cell body

Question 5

nerve

Answer 5

bundle of neuron fibers

Question 6

myelin sheath

Answer 6

fatty layer coating some axons, speeds up conduction of signal, and insulates axons

Question 6

terminal button

Answer 6

bulb-shaped structure at the end of the axon that contains neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse

Question 7

synaptic gap

Answer 7

space between neurons where neurotransmitters are released

Question 8

synapse

Answer 8

area between two neurons that contains the terminal button of one neuron, the synaptic space, and the dendrite of the next neuron

Question 9

receptor sites

Answer 9

areas on the surface of dendrites and other cells that receive neurotransmitters or hormones

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

chemicals released by a neuron that alter the activity of other neurons

Question 11

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 11

Neurotransmitter that activates muscle movement, associated with memory, cognitive functioning, attention

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

Neurotransmitter related to voluntary muscle movement, associated with Parkinson’s and Schizophrenia

Question 13

Serotonin

Answer 13

Neurotransmitter related to mood, high - mania, low - depression

Question 14

Norepinephrine

Answer 14

Neurotransmitter that affects arousal, wakefulness, mood

Question 15

Endorphins

Answer 15

natural pain killers

Question 16

action potential

Answer 16

Neural impulse, the firing of a nerve cell, excitatory or inhibitory

Question 17

All-or-None Law

Answer 17

the action potential in a neuron does not vary in strength, it fires or it doesn’t

Question 18

antagonist

Answer 18

block effects of neurotransmitters

Question 19

Agonist

Answer 19

Increase or enhance the effects of neurotransmitters

Question 20

Afferent Neuron

Answer 20

sensory - Carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain

Question 21

Efferent Neuron

Answer 21

motor - Carry messages from spinal cord and brain to muscles and glands

Question 22

Interneurons (connector)

Answer 22

a neuron that is not sensory or motor, but connects other neurons within the CNS

Question 23

Reflex Arc

Answer 23

Afferent neuron conducts nerve impulses from a receptor to the spinal cord, connects to interneuron, signals efferent neuron that carries impulses to muscle or gland

Question 24

Glial cells

Answer 24

Nonneural tissue in the nervous system that produces structural, nutritional and other kinds of support to neurons

Question 25

Central Nervous System

Answer 25

the brain and spinal cord

Question 26

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 26

All parts of the nervous system outside the CNS

Question 27

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 27

System of nerves linking the spinal cord with the body and sense organs

Question 28

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 28

System of nerves carrying info to and from the internal organs and glands

Question 29

Sympathetic NS

Answer 29

Branch of the ANS that arouses the body, fight or flight response

Question 30

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 30

Branch of the ANS that arouses the body, fight or flight response