Biological basis of behavior

Question 1

What 2 parts comprise the cns?

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

How many units are in the spine?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

What are the 4 sections?

Answer 3

Cervical, Thorassic, Lumbar, Sacracl

Question 4

What do the ventral vs dorsal parts of spinal cord do?

Answer 4

Ventral is movement, dorsal is sensory

Question 5

What is the fibrous material connected to the dura mater that extends down into the brain called?

Answer 5

Falx Cerebri

Question 6

How does the dura mater differ from the peanut layer?

Answer 6

The arachnoid matter is thinner than the dura mater

Question 7

What separates the dura mater from the arachnoid mater?

Answer 7

The subarachnoid space, filled with blood vessels to fuel the brain

Question 8

What is the protective layer that hugs the contours of the brain?

Answer 8

The pia mater

Question 9

What is the name of the layer of arteries, veins and connective tissue below the pia mater?

Answer 9

Trabeculae

Question 10

What are the ventricles filled with?

Answer 10

Cerebral spinal fluid

Question 11

How many ventricles are there? How are they arranged?

Answer 11

4. Two primary lateral ventricles, one middle one, and one dorsal one

Question 12

Where is csf formed?

Answer 12

In the choroid plexus, the outer lining of the ventral ventricles

Question 13

What does csf do?

Answer 13

Maintains buoyancy in the cranial vault, protects from infection and regulates cerebral blood flow.

Question 14

How do fissures and gyri differ?

Answer 14

Fissures are the deep clefts in brain, gyri are the smooth hills

Question 15

What is another name for the cortex?

Answer 15

Telencephalon

Question 16

Name 4 major lobes of brain?

Answer 16

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Question 17

Which sulcus is the frontal lobe anterior to?

Answer 17

Central sulcus

Question 18

Sulcus vs fissure?

Answer 18

A sulcus circumscribes a gyrus, while a fissure delineates a lobe

Question 19

Which part of frontal lobe is directly anterior to the central sulcus?

Answer 19

Primary motor cortex

Question 20

What does the Primary motor cortex do?

Answer 20

Initiate muscle movement. Surface of motor cortex maps the body’s muscles.

Question 21

What is anterior to the motor cortex?

Answer 21

The premotor cortex.

Question 22

What does the premotor cortex do?

Answer 22

The organization and coordination of movement in conjunction with other inputs, including the primary motor cortex

Question 23

How do specific neurons in the premotor cortex help with understanding others?

Answer 23

Mirror neurons sponsor firing of correlate neurons matching observed movement of others

Question 24

Which sections are anterior to the premotor cortex? What does it do?

Answer 24

Prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Responsible for inhibition

Question 25

Where is the broca area, and what does it do?

Answer 25

For right handed people, left hemisphere, left inferior region of frontal lobe, immediately anterior to parietal cortex. Responsible for language production.

Question 26

Which sulcus is the temporal lobe inferior to?

Answer 26

The lateral gyrus

Question 27

What are the 3 sections of the temporal lobe?

Answer 27

Superior, inferior, and middle temporal gyri.

Question 28

What does superior temporal do?

Answer 28

Auditory functioning

Question 29

What is Heschel’s convolutions?

Answer 29

The folded region of the superior temporal gyrus that is tonotopic for sound experiencing

Question 30

What does tonotopic mean?

Answer 30

Like motor cortex, part of brain matches a single specific pitch

Question 31

How does the cochlea interact with Heschel’s convolutions?

Answer 31

They are matched tonotopically, with the also tonotopic cochlea

Question 32

What is the nerve pathway to the superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 32

Vestibulocochealr nerves fire through the medial geniculate cortex from the thalamus and only partially decussate, which is also how sound directionality works

Question 33

Why is partial decussation in the mgn important for language perception?

Answer 33

If stimuli did not cross over, the stimuli would not reach the primary language cortices located in the dominant hemisphere.

Question 34

What is immediately posterior to the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 34

Wernicke’s area in dominant hemisphere, weird Jayne’s region otherwise?

Question 35

What are the two major lobes of the parietal cortex?

Answer 35

Superior and inferior

Question 36

What is the heteromodal cortex?

Answer 36

The parietal confluence where a variety of sensory stimuli are synthesized into a fuller picture of experience.

Question 37

How do parietal lobes assist the occipital lobe and motor cortices?

Answer 37

Help with interpreting visual information and supply supplementary physical data about the local environment to inform motor movements

Question 38

What happens in the postcentral gyrus? What is it called?

Answer 38

Somatotopic somatosensory processing, somatic sensory cortex. The homunculus is here

Question 39

What does a lesion in the postcentral gyrus cause?

Answer 39

Hemisensory loss

Question 40

What does a lesion in the posterior parietal region cause?

Answer 40

Hemispatial neglect

Question 41

Which sulcus defines the limits of the occipital lobe?

Answer 41

The Parieto-Occipital lobe

Question 42

What is posterior to the calcarine sulcus?

Answer 42

The primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe

Question 43

What does a legion in the pvc cause?

Answer 43

Cortical blindness, or blindness caused by brain damage as opposed to nerve damage or integration difficulties (I.e. thalamic damage)