Biological Bases of Behaviour

Question 1

The nervous system

Answer 1

Central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

Central nervous system

Answer 2

Spinal cord and The brain

Question 3

The spinal cord

Answer 3

The spinal cord transfers messages to and from the brain and the rest of the body, responsible for simple reflex actions

Question 4

Frontal lobe

Answer 4

is associated with higher order functions, holds primary motor cortex involved in controlling bodily movements through the control of skeletal muscles, left lobe controls right side of body and vice versa. Also involved in attention, personality, control of emotion and expression of emotional behaviour

also holds homunculus and brocas area

Question 5

Brocas area

Answer 5

involved in the production of clear, fluent and articulate speech, regulates motor movement that allows humans to produce speech and movement of tongue and jaw

Question 6

damage to brocas area

Answer 6

Brocas aphasia, can read and understand each other, difficulty speaking, poor grammar and pronunciation

Question 7

Hommunculus

Answer 7

Homunculus is a topographic map that maps the skeletal muscles that innervate different parts of the body

Question 8

occipital lobe

Answer 8

processes visual information
holds Visual cortex receives and processes visual information, contains different parts that process different types of information including colour, shape, movement

Question 9

Parietal lobe

Answer 9

Parietal lobe integrates information from the different senses and plays an important role in spatial navigation
holds sensorimotor cortex responsible for planning and executing voluntary movements and sending signals to muscles in the body, right half of cortex controls left side of body (vice versa) and Somatosensory cortex processes raw sensory information, different cortexes for different body parts, size reflects sensitivity and number of sensory neurons located in that body part, homunculus sensory map inverse representation of body

Question 10

Temporal lobe

Answer 10

processes auditory information
holds Auditory cortex responsible for analysing and processing acoustic information, contains different parts, involved in processing simple features of sound

also holds wernickes area

Question 11

Wernicke’s area

Answer 11

Wernicke’s area connected to Broca’s, responsible for comprehension and understanding of language, locating appropriate words to express meaning

Question 12

damage to wernickes area

Answer 12

Fluent aphasia, difficulty in reading, writing, understanding and making meaning of words, no trouble in pronunciation or grammar but trouble in expression

Question 13

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 13

Somatic nervous system and Autonomic nervous system

Question 14

Peripheral NS functions

Answer 14

To communicate information from the body’s organs, glands and muscles to the CNS from both external and internal stimuli and to communicate information from the CNS to the body’s organs, glands, and muscles by motor neurons

Question 15

Somatic nervous system

Answer 15

Sensory receptors and Motor pathways

Question 16

Somatic NS functions

Answer 16

Maintains communication between the central nervous system and outside world, responsible for voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Question 17

sensory receptors

Answer 17

Sensory receptors carry information to the spinal cord and brain

Question 18

Motor pathways

Answer 18

Motor pathways allow the brain to control movement

Question 19

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 19

Sympathetic nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous system

Question 20

ANS function

Answer 20

Plays an important role in homeostasis and consists only of motor pathways
Controls function of internal organs through muscles, skin, blood vessels, the eye, the stomach intestines and bladder, the heart, gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, liver, glands, pancreas, adrenal medulla, sweat gland
Actions are usually involuntary and do not depend on voluntary control by the brain but can be voluntarily instigated

Question 21

Sympathetic NS

Answer 21

Sympathetic NS is responsible for increasing activity of most visceral muscles, organ and glands in time of vigorous activity, stress, or threat

Question 22

Sympathetic NS responses

Answer 22

Decreased heart rate, reduced stomach activity, inhibited saliva production, pupil dilation, relaxation of the bronchi of the lungs, glucose released

fight or flight response as a survival instinct

Question 23

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 23

Parasympathetic NS is responsible for decreasing the activity of most visceral muscles, organs and glands, and restoring body functioning to its normal state

Question 24

Parasympathetic NS responses

Answer 24

Decreased heart rate, increased stomach activity, increased saliva production, pupil contraction, constriction of bronchi within the lungs, glucose stored

restores homeostasis