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Psychology > Biological Bases of Behavior\ > Flashcards

Biological Bases of Behavior\ Flashcards

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1
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cell; basic building block of the nervous system

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2
Q

Cell body

A

the cells life-support

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3
Q

Dendrite

A

receive messages from other cells

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4
Q

axon

A

passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and glands

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5
Q

terminal branches

A

form junctions

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6
Q

myelin sheath

A

insulation for the axon; helps speed up neural impulses

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7
Q

glial cells

A

the support systems of neurons

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8
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal that turn chemical via neurotransmitters

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9
Q

threshold

A

level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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10
Q

acetylcholine

A

plays a role in memory and learning

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11
Q

dopamine

A

movement, learning, attention, and emotion

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12
Q

serotonin

A

affects mood, hunger, and arousal

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13
Q

norepinephrine

A

controls alertness and arousal

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14
Q

GABA

A

regulates nervous system

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15
Q

glutamate

A

major excitatory neurotransmitter, involved in memory

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16
Q

endorphins

A

natural, opiate like neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure

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17
Q

agonist

A

excite neuron firing

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18
Q

antagonist

A

inhibits neuron firing

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19
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

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20
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

the sensory and motor neurons that connect the cns to the rest of the body

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21
Q

nerves

A

bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the cns with muscles, glands, and sense organs

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22
Q

somatic nervous system

A

the division of the pns that controls the body’s skeletal muscles

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23
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

part of the pns that controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs

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24
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arouses the body

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25
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

calms the body

26
Q

endocrine system

A

set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

27
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls the pituitary gland

28
Q

thyroid

A

affects metabolism and controls growth

29
Q

pituitary gland

A

“master gland”; secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands

30
Q

parathyroid

A

regulates calcium levels in the blood

31
Q

pancreas

A

regulates blood sugar levels(insulin)

32
Q

adrenal gland

A

secretes adrenaline(cortisone)

33
Q

testes

A

secretes male sex hormones

34
Q

ovares

A

secretes female sex hormones

35
Q

brainstem

A

regulates basic functions: breathing, resting, and feeding

36
Q

medulla

A

controls heartbeat and breathing

37
Q

pons

A

controls sleep and helps coordinate movement

38
Q

thalamus

A

sensory control center

39
Q

reticular formation

A

neuron network from the spinal cord to the thalamus

40
Q

cerebellum

A

enables nonverbal learning and skill memory

41
Q

limbic system

A

controls our emotions and drives

42
Q

amygdala

A

emotion and survival responses(fight or flight)

43
Q

hippocampus

A

processes conscious explicit memories and decreases in size with age

44
Q

cerbral cortex

A

body’s ultimate control and information processing center

45
Q

frontal lobes

A

behind the forehead

46
Q

parietal lobes

A

receives sensory input and body positions

47
Q

occipital lobes

A

controls vision

48
Q

temporal lobes

A

controls hearing

49
Q

motor cortex

A

controls voluntary movement

50
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

register and processes body touch and movement sensations

51
Q

auditory cortex

A

processes any sound you hear

52
Q

visual cortex

A

visual information travels from the occipital lobes to other areas

53
Q

association areas

A

integrates information involved in learning, remembering, thinking, and other high level functions

54
Q

plasticity

A

the brains ability to change

55
Q

neurogenesis

A

producing new neurons

56
Q

corpus callosum

A

band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres

57
Q

dual processing

A

information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

58
Q

blindsight

A

a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

59
Q

monozygotic twins

A

share 100% of their genes

60
Q

dizygotic twins

A

share 50% of their genes

61
Q

epigenetics

A

genes being activated or deactivated

Psychology (1 decks)

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