Biological Approach Flashcards
What percentage of OCD patients had parents with the disorder according to Lewis (1936)?
37%
This statistic highlights the potential genetic link in the prevalence of OCD.
What percentage of OCD patients had siblings with OCD according to Lewis (1936)?
21%
This statistic suggests a familial component in the occurrence of OCD.
What is the prevalence of OCD amongst first degree relatives compared to the general population?
10% among first degree relatives vs 2% in the general population
This indicates a higher genetic risk for OCD within families.
What did Nestadt et al. (2010) find regarding the prevalence of OCD in MZ twins compared to DZ twins?
68% of MZ twins had OCD, opposed to 31% of DZ twins
This suggests a stronger genetic influence in MZ twins.
How much more likely is someone with a family member with OCD to develop the disorder, according to Marini & Stebnicki (2012)?
Around 4 times as likely
This reinforces the idea of a genetic vulnerability to OCD.
What does the diathesis-stress model suggest about the development of mental disorders?
Certain genes increase likelihood but environmental stress is necessary to trigger the condition
This model emphasizes the interaction between genetics and environment.
What percentage of OCD clients experienced a traumatic experience in their past according to Cromer et al. (2017)?
Over half
This indicates a link between trauma and the severity of OCD.
What is the SERT gene involved in?
Regulation of the serotonin system in the brain
Faulty SERT gene may cause lower levels of serotonin associated with OCD symptoms.
What is the role of the COMT gene in relation to OCD?
Responsible for the production of an enzyme that breaks down dopamine
A mutation can lead to higher dopamine levels, implicated in OCD symptoms.
Is OCD considered polygenic?
Yes
Multiple genes likely contribute to an individual’s vulnerability to OCD.
How many genes have been implicated in OCD according to Taylor (2013)?
230 genes
This indicates a complex genetic basis for the disorder.
What does aetiologically heterogeneous mean in the context of OCD?
Different origins of the disorder despite having the same disorder
This reflects the variability in genetic factors contributing to OCD.
What types of OCD may be influenced by particular genetic variations?
Hoarding disorder and religious obsession
This suggests that different genetic profiles may underlie different OCD manifestations.
What evidence did Nestadt et al. (2010) find regarding OCD symptoms?
OCD symptoms are part of other conditions known to be biological in origin
This supports the biological basis of OCD.
