Biological Anthropology Exam 2 - Multiple Choice Flashcards
1
Q
Somatic Therapies
A
- Targets and affects specific cells only
- Changes are not passed to future generations
- Existing clinical trials for :
- Blood disorders
- Cancers
- Blindness
- Cystic fibrosis
- Covid-19
2
Q
Germline Editing
A
- Applied to sperm, eggs, or embryos
- Affects all fetal cells
- Changes can be passed down to future generations
- Currently banned or heavily regulated in 22 countries
3
Q
Anatomical characteristics (shared by all primates)
A
- Generalized dentition
- Color vision
- Digits with nails
- Sensitive tactile pads
- Flexible limbs, epidermal ridges
- Reduced snout, forward-facing eyes
- Binocular/Stereoscopic vision
- Large complex brain
4
Q
Behavioral characteristics (shared by all primates)
A
- K-selected life cycle: Longer gestation, fewer offspring
more parental investment, delayed maturation, extended lifespan
-Communication: Scent marking, facial expressions, vocalizations: hoots, whistles, grunts, alarm calls
5
Q
Strepsirrhini - “wet nosed”
A
- Retain more ancestral characteristics: tapetum lucidum (reflective eyes), rhinarium (nose), large olfactory bulb (smell nerve)
- Arboreal (lives in trees), Nocturnal ( active at night), Solitary forgers (hunt and eat prey alone)
-Lemurs, lorises, bushbabies, pottos
6
Q
Haplorhini - “dry nosed”
A
- Heavy reliance on vision : foward-facing eyes, postorbital plate (skull), reduced snout
- Complex sociality
- Free upper lip (diverse facial expression)
- Encephalization (larger brain for body size)
- Tarsiers, Monkeys, apes, humans
7
Q
Tarsiiformes
A
- Only completely faunivorous (eats animals) primates
- Oldest surviving primate group
- Huge eyes
8
Q
Platyrrhini - “broad-nosed”
A
- Exclusively arboreal
- Prehensile tail (grasps)
- Social monogamy/pair bonding
9
Q
Catarrhini - “narrow-nosed”
A
- Arboreal (tree) and terrestrial (land) species
- Fully opposable thumbs
- Trichromatic vision (sees 3 colors : red, blue, yellow)
- Greater emphasis on social grooming
- Old world monkeys, apes, humans
10
Q
Cercopithecoidea
A
- Omnivorous + folivorous species
- Bilophodont molars
- Strong sexual dimorphism + dominance hierarchies
- Old world monkeys
11
Q
Hominoidea
A
- Omnivorous
- Y5 molars
- Larger body, no tail, suspensory adaptations
- Expanded parietal lobes
- Tool use with modification
- Learned cultural behaviors
- Apes and humans
12
Q
Suborder
A
Strepsirrhini, Haplorrhini
13
Q
Infraorder
A
Tarsiiformes, Platyrrhini, Catarrhini
14
Q
Superfamily
A
Cercopthecoidea, Hominoidea
15
Q
A
