Biological

Question 1

Currrnt approaches for angiogenesis

Answer 1

Antisense RNA - single oligo nucleotide that’s complementary to coding mRNA which hybridise so that it can’t be translated
Mab Avastin
VEGFR inhibitors - sunitinib, sorafenib
Activation of p53 TSG- p53 up reg anti angiogenic factor eg angiostatin, endostatin

Question 2

Avastin is cytocidal or cytostatic agent, why

Answer 2

Cytostatic it limits tumour growth instead of killing it directly. It starve the tumour so takes long time to work

Question 3

Novel therapies that target neo vasculature

Answer 3

1 vitaxin - mab against interin (like bind that links cell tgt)
2 thalidomide
3 ANET
4 direct cytotoxic drug eg adriamycin to EC
5 aflibercept VEGFR ligand binding domain fused w Ig (prevent VEGF binding)

Question 4

Drugs that Destroy existing Tumour Vasculature

Answer 4

Combretastatin (colchicine) - destroy tubulin cytoskeleton

Nanoparticle technology- within it inhibitory drug

Particles contain proteasome inhibitor - bortezomib for trt of neuronlastoma

Question 5

How is leukaemia diagnosed

Answer 5

• milky blood
• immature looking WBC
• blood test (see all stages granulocyte differentiation)
• increased Myeloid to erythroid ratio

Question 6

What are the symptoms of CML

Answer 6

Fatigue
Anaemia
Splenimegally
Hepatomegly due to ex. WBC produced and broken up and accumulated there

Question 7

What are the three clinical faces of CML

Answer 7

1 initial chronic phase -mild
2 accelerated phase
3 acute leukaemia phase - emergency

Question 8

Advantages and disadvantages of tyrosine kinase inhibitor eg gefotinib

Answer 8

Block triggering of growth pathways
Orally active

Not specific
Want to dampen down not wipe off all act,

Question 9

Advantages and disadvantages of monoclonal antibody eg avastin herceptin

Answer 9

Highly specific 
Cancer specific 
But prone to mutation Induced r 
Target extracellular only
Require IV
Expensive