Biologica foundation of beahvior

Question 1

action potential

Answer 1

electrochemical impulese

Question 2

Synaptic transmission /synaptic cleft

Answer 2

neurotransmitter release into synaptic cleft

Question 3

neuron

Answer 3

is the basic function structrual unit of the nervous system

Question 4

soma

Answer 4

body of neuron where most of the biosyntehic mechanism happens

Question 5

MCAT test question

Dendrite

Answer 5

dendrites recieve signal and axon push signal out

axon carry action potiental away from the cell body

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

carry action potential away

Question 7

bipolar dendrite and multipolar dendrite

Answer 7

bipolar one dendrite and multipolar many dendrite

Question 8

synapitc knob

Answer 8

forms connection with target cell

Question 9

synapic cleft

Answer 9

gap between target cell and synaptic knob

Question 10

TEST !! Concept which direction do action poentical travel

Answer 10

left to right

Question 11

differnce between nerve and neuron

Answer 11

a neuron is a single cell and nerve is bundle of many differnt axons from differnt neurons

Question 12

resting membrane potential

Answer 12

-70mv interior is negaitve outside is postive

Question 13

what are the 2 primary membrane proteins responsbile for resting membrane potiential TEST QUESTION OR CONCEPT

Answer 13

na+/K+ ATAPSE and potassium leak pumps

Question 14

NA+/K+ ATPASE pump

Answer 14

pump 3 na ions out and 2 k+ in the cell with the hydrolysis of 1 atp

result in a high na outside of the cell and and postaissum gradient inside the cell

Question 15

what is leaky k+

Answer 15

they are always open all the time and simply allow ions to leak acrross the membrane according to the gradient allow only k+ leaky out the cell flow down the gradient outside the cell

Question 16

Will defintely be on the MCAT why is the interior of the axon and neuron negatie

Answer 16

the combine loss of many postive ions through na+/k+ atapse and k+ leaky channel leavs the interior of cell negative and the outside postive which is -70mv

note they are only a few na+ leaky channel about 100:1 so its virtually neuron is virtually imperable

Question 17

what type of tranport is na+/k+

Answer 17

na+/k+ transport is a form active transport

Question 18

are neurons the only cells with restiong membrane potental

Answer 18

no all cells have resting membrane potentail

muscle and neurons areunique using resting memebrane potential to generate action potential

Question 19

what would happen if k leak channel is blocked

Answer 19

is k leaked channel is blocked interior of the cell is postive would reduce the magnitude of resting potential make the interior less negative

Question 20

what would happen if membrane allow to flow their concentration gradient

Answer 20

sodium ion would flow into the cell reduce the potential across the plasma membrane make the interior of the cell less ngativve and even relatiely postive if enough ions flow into cell.

Question 21

MCAT concept resting potental

polarized

Answer 21

negative charge inside interior axon (along with rest of neuronal interior therefore the cell can be desciribe as polarize)
resting membrane potential establish a negative charge inside and postive outside because the leaky k+ channel and na + k+ atpase

Question 22

action potential

Answer 22

distrubance of membrane potential a wave of depolarzation of the plasma membrane that travels along the axon

Question 23

depolarzation

Answer 23

is action potential change of membrane poetential from resting potential approimately -70mv

Question 24

repolarzation

Answer 24

returns membreane potential

Question 25

action potenetial is and electrochemical impusle

Answer 25

no and elctrical impulse its an electrical chemical impulse

Question 26

what are the key proteins for action potential

MCAT question defintely need to know

Answer 26

key protein for action potential is voltage gated sodium channels located in the plasma membreane of the axon .

Question 27

voltage gated na+ channles

Answer 27

allow na ions to flow down their gradient into the cell and depolarize that section of membrane

Question 28

what effet opening gated sodium channels on membrane poetential

MCAT oncep

Answer 28

sodium postively charged flows into the cell down its concentration gradient making th interior of the cell less negatively charged or even postively charged going from -70mv to -50mv to threshold poetential once this threshold is reached channels are open fully below the threshold they are closed and do not allow passage of any ions through the channels

when channles open na flow into cell down the concentration gradient depolarizing that section of membrane to about +35mv before inactivation

Question 29

if action potential starts at one end can it runs of potential at the other end

Answer 29

the answer is no it can not

action potential is a all or nothing response if it starts at one side it will end on the other