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Biochemistry Energy Metabolism > Biologic Oxidation > Flashcards

Biologic Oxidation Flashcards

0
Q

Gain of electrons

A

Reduction

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1
Q

Removal or loss of electrons

A

Oxidation

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2
Q

Occur when electrons are transferred between an electron donor and an electron acceptor

A

Redox reactions

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3
Q

Oxidizing agent

A 
Oxidizes substrate
Oxidant
Electron acceptor
Must be in oxidized state
Converted to the reduced form
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4
Q

Reducing agent

A 
Reduces a substrate
Reductant
Electron donor
Must be in the reduced state
Converted to the oxidized state
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5
Q

The tendency for a specific substances to lose or gain electrons

A

Redox or reduction potential

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6
Q

Redox potential of the standard hydrogen electrode is

A

0.0 volts at 1 atm

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7
Q

The more negative the E value is for a redox pair

A

The lowerits affinity for electrons

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8
Q

The more positive the E value is,

A

The greater the affinity of the redox pair for electrons

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9
Q

Transfer electrons directly to oxygen

A

Oxidase

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10
Q

Terminal component of the respiratory chain

A

Ctochrome oxidase

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11
Q

Prosthetic group of cytochrome oxidase

A

2hemes

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12
Q

Cytochrome oxidase inhibited by

A

Carbon monoxide
Cyanide
Hydrogen sulfide

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13
Q

Pristhetic groups of flovoprotein oxidases

A

Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin dinucleotide

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14
Q

Flovoprotein oxidases derivatives of

A

Vitamin B2 or riboflavin

Eg. L- amino acid oxidase

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15
Q

Transfer hydrogen from one substrate to another but not to oxygen

A

Dehydrogenases

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16
Q

Use derivatives of niacin as co enzymes

A

Pyridine-linked dehydrogenases

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17
Q

Linked dehydrogenase

Involved in oxidative pathways of metabolism that generates ATP

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+

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18
Q

Eg of NAD+

A

Glycolysis
Kreb cycle
ETC

19
Q

Linked dehydrogenase, involved in reductive synthesis

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADP

20
Q

Eg of NADP

A

Fatty acid

Steroid synthesis

21
Q

These are FMN and FAD which are more tightly bound

Involved in electron transport in the respiratory chain and therefore ATP generation

A

Flavin-linked dehydrogenases

22
Q

Examples of Flavin linked dehydrogenases

A

NADH
Succinate
Acyl-CoA
Glycerol 3- phosphate dehydrogenases

23
Q

An intermediate in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate and @ketoglutarate

A

Flavin- linked dehydrogenase

24
Q

They are iton containing hemiproteins

Involved as carries of electrons from flavoproteins to cytochrome oxidase

A

Cytochrome except cytochrome oxidase

25
Q

Cytochromes occur in the respiratory chain such as

A

Cytochromes b, c1, c and a

26
Q

Use hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxide as substrate

Found in peroxisomes

A

Hydroperoxidases

27
Q

Hydrogen peroxide is reduced to water by substances that act as electron acceptors

A

Peroxidase

28
Q

Peroxidase are found in

A

Leukocytes
Platelets
RBC
Milk

29
Q

Prosthetic group of peroxidase

A

Protoheme

30
Q

Protects thr RBC membrane against oxidation by peroxides

A

Glutathione peroxidase

31
Q

Uses hydrogen peroxide as electron donor and electron acceptor to form water

A

Catalase

32
Q

Catalase are found in

A 
Blood
Bone marrow
Mucous membrane
Kidney
Liver
33
Q

Catalase destroys

A

H2O2

34
Q

Catalyze the direct transfer and incorporation of oxygen into a substrate molecule

A

Oxygenases

35
Q

Incorporate both atoms of molecular oxygen into a substrate

A

Dioxygenase

36
Q

Example of dioxygenase

A

Homogentisate
L-tryptophan
Hydroxyanthranilate dioxygenases

37
Q

Incorporates only one atom of molecular oxygen into the substrate

A

Monooxygenase

38
Q

Monooxygeanase also called

A

Mixedfunction oxidases

Hydroxylases

39
Q

Monooxygenase products formed are

A

Hydroxylated

40
Q

Monooxygenases important for the detoxification of many drugs and hydroxylation of steroids

A

Cytochrome P450

41
Q

Cytochrome P450 are heme containing

A

Enzyme

42
Q

Donate for the reduction of Cytochrome P450

A

NADH

NADPH

43
Q

Due to conversion of oxygen to superoxide

Formed when reduced flavins are reoxidized univalently by O2

A

Oxygen toxicity

44
Q

It protects aerobic organisms against oxygen toxicity

A

Superoxide dismutase

Biochemistry Energy Metabolism (1 decks)

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