Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PATH 300 Clinical Chemistry > Biolochemical Tests > Flashcards

Biolochemical Tests Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Fasting serum gastrin: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • How much gastrin is in serum?
  • purpose of fasting is because presence of food stimulates G-cells to produce gastrin, so it is to remove this stimulant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

d-xylose: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • how well are monosaccharides absorbed?
  • if all goes well, xylose should be absorbed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fecal fat: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • how well is fat absorbed? How much fat is in stool?
  • If all goes well, should be within range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lactose intolerance test: ques it answers

A
  • how much lactose is present in the GI lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

secretin simulation test: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • how do G-cells react to secretin?
  • Secretin inhibits G-cells to produce gastrin, therefore we’d expect to see a decrease in G-cell function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

serum carotene: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • how well are fats absorbed?
  • carotene is absorbed into the body in association with fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

H. pylori: ques it answers

A

Is there H. pylori present?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tissue transglutaminase antibody test: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • is celiac disease antibody present
  • positive = 98% chance it’s celiac disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): ques it answers, explanation

A
  • is inflammation present?
  • if inflammation is present, ESR would increase because proteins will be produced that bind to RBC and cause it to accumulate at bottom of test tube faster
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

C-reactive protein: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • is inflammation present?
  • CRP in serum increases when there’s inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

fecal calprotectin: ques it answers, explanation

A
  • is inflammation present in the intestines?
  • distinguishes btwn IBD and IBS (IBD > 40ug/g). calprotectin concentrations increase in presence of inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endoscopy (upper GI, colonoscopy): explanation

A
  • upper endoscopy = esophagus, stomach, small intestine
  • Colonoscopy = large intestine, colon, rectum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe liver urine tests

A
  1. high urobilinogen can be detected if abnormally high conc in blood
  2. bilirubin not normally high enough to be detected in urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the three liver blood tests

A
  1. Prothrombin Time (PT): a useful coagulation test that indicates liver fnc because hepatocytes make clotting factors. (> RR indicates not enough coagulation so either hepatocyte dmg or Vit K deficiency)
  2. International Normalized Ratio (INR): calculation based on PT. > RR indicates clotting too slowly (hepatocyte dmg)
  3. Serum albumin: hepatocytes make albumin and secrete it into blood. If < RR, indicates hepatocyte dmg.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 liver enzyme tests?

A
  1. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST):
    - not very liver specific but made in high amts in liver
    - found in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
    - >RR in hepatitis, cirrhosis, OBD, and heart/muscle problems
  2. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT):
    - more liver-specific than AST
    - found in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
    - >RR in hepatitis, cirrhosis, and OBD
  3. Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP):
    - found in cells lining biliary duct (but also in bone…)
    -&raquo_space;RR in OBD
    - >RR in hepatitis, cirrhosis
  4. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT):
    - indicates liver or renal problem
    - not specific for anyt type of liver disease, but elevated during cirrhosis
    -&raquo_space;>RR in OBD, can be used to confirm ALP is not positive for bone
  5. Serum cholesterol: >RR may indicate gallstone formation -> OBD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urine volume (24 hrs): what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • amt of urine produced in a day. polyuria > RR; oliguria < RR
  • polyuria (v reabsorption, ^ filtration) or oliguria (v filtration or UT obstruction)
17
Q

Urine osmolality: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • concentration of solutes/water, tells us about water, ion, and solute balance
  • > RR indicates dehydration, decreased reabsorption, or diabetes (increased glucose)
18
Q

Dipstick analysis: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • looks at urine pH and presence of analytes: glucose, protein, RBC, ketones, leukocytes
  • e.g. proteinuria, hematuria
19
Q

Urine microscopy: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • visualize presence of RBC, crystals, fat, etc. in urine
  • e.g. lipiduria, ketonuria, glucosuria
20
Q

Serum albumin & total protein: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • conc of albumin and protein in blood
  • hypoalbuminemia and hypoprotenemia are a result of damaged nephrons allowing these to enter the filtrate (e.g. in nephrotic syndrome) aka abnormal filtration or liver decreased production
21
Q

serum pH: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • acidosis
  • can be due to decreased secretion of H+ or decreased reabsorption of bicarbonate
22
Q

Serum K+: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • [K+] in serum
  • hyperkalemia can be due to decreased secretion or abnormal filtration due to low GFR
23
Q

serum urea: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • looks for proper waste removal
  • > RR indicates liver producing more urea, decr secretion so stays in blood, decr filtration, so stays in blood or UT obstruction decr excretion.
  • < RR indicates liver producing less or low protein diet
24
Q

serum/plasma creatinine: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A

decreased filtration = increased creatinine

25
Q

CCR: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A
  • estimates GFR and how well glomeruli filter blood
  • calculates based on urine volume, urine [creatinine], serum/plasma [creatinine], and normalization factor of body SA
  • < RR indicates decr excretion, decr filtration, or UT obstruction
26
Q

eGFR: what it tests for, possible abnormal results

A

calculated based on blood test of creatinine, age, sex. Related to CCR

27
Q

What are the 12 GI biochemical tests

A
  1. d-xylose absorption
  2. fecal fat
  3. serum carotene
  4. lactose intolerance
  5. fasting gastrin serum
  6. secretin stimulation test
  7. endoscopy
  8. tTG-IgA test
  9. H. pylori test
  10. erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
  11. C-reactive protein (CRP)
  12. Fecal calprotectin
28
Q

What are the three types of liver tests?

A
  • urine
  • blood (PT, INR, serum albumin)
  • enyzme (AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, serum cholesterol)
29
Q

What are the 11 renal biochemical tests

A
  1. urine volume (24 hrs)
  2. urine osmolality
  3. dipstick analysis
  4. urine microscopy
  5. serum urea
  6. serum albumin & total protein
  7. serum pH
  8. serum K+
  9. eGFR
  10. CCR
  11. serum/plasma creatinine

PATH 300 Clinical Chemistry (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions