Bioligy Revision Flashcards
Cancer
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell growth and division
Benign
Non cancerous
Grows until there is no more room to grow
Malignant
Cancerous
Spreads to neighbouring healthy cells
Causes second tumours
Risk factors of cancer
Something that increases the risk of getting cancer
Smoking
Lung Oral areas Bowel Stomach Cervical
Obesity
Bowel
Liver
Kidney
Uv exposure
Uv radiation
Skin cancer
Viral infection
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Liver
Salivary glands
These produce amylase enzyme in the saliva
Gullet
Oesophagus
Stomach
It pummels food with its muscular walls
It produces the protease enzyme pepsin
It produces hydrochloric acids for two reasons
To kill bacteria
To give the correct pH for the protease to work at its best
Liver
Where bile is produced
Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat
Gall Bladder
Where bullies is stored before it is released into the small intestine
Pancreas
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
It releases these into the small intestine
Large intestine
Where excess water is absorbed from the food
Small intestine
Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
This is also where the food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood
Rectum
Where the faeces (made up mainly of indigestible foods) are stored before they bid you a fond farewell through the ANUS
Nucleus
Contains genetic materials that controls the activities of the cell
Mitochondria
Aerobic respiration to produce energy
Cytoplasm
Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. Contains enzymes that control chemical reactions
Cell membrane
Holds the cell together and controls what goes on and out
Ribosomes
Where proteins are made
Cell wall
Made of cellulose which supports the cell and strengthens it
Vacuole
Contains sap and week solutions of sugar and salt
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs. It’s a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light
Pieces of a microscope
Eyepiece Course Adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Light Stage High and low power objective lenses
Formula for magnification
Magnification =image size/real size
Example
100* 50=5000um
=5mm
