BIOL Lab 2 Flashcards
Impression
No organic matter preserved, some significant features may be preserved
Compression
Some organic matter preserved, a good deal of cellular structure
Petrifaction
plant tissues are infiltrated and/or replaced with minerals, Acetate peel method (exams)
Amber
Preservation of fossils within fossilized plant sap (amber)
Three domains
Eubacteria, Archea, Eukarya
Eubacteria
True bacteria
Archea
Primitive single-celled organisms
Eukarya
Multicellular plants, animals, and fungi
Seven independent lines of evidence for Macroevolutionary change
Fossil record, molecular sequence data, structural homology, developmental similarity, vestigial structures, convergent evolution, and patterns of animal and plant distributions
Macroevolution
Above all species
Estimated age of the earth
4.6 billion years
Geological time is broken down into:
eons, eras, periods, epochs
Millions of Years Ago
MYA
Biologists start counting when?
3.8 mya because life started on earth then
Taxa
Type of species
Character
The descriptions
Cladogram
Depicts evolutionary relationships among different taxa and is basically an evolutionary hypothesis
A different group of Taxa is called
Clades
Synapomorphies
shared derived (characters/ trait)
Monophyletic group
perfect group of the only descendent
Paraphyletic group
Common ancestor but not concise group (trait-based) e.g. flight
Classification
Shared characters
Phylogenetic tree
hypothesis about the evolutionary history, or phylogeny of species
Node
The point where a common ancestor is shared by two or more taxa
Clade
Consists of a group of organisms and includes the ancestor and all of its descendants
Branch
Diverges off the main branch for each taxon, which is then listed at the tip of that branch
Parsimony
Fewest # of steps
Presence and absence, respectively
1 and 0, respectively
The seven taxonomic ranks
kingdom, phylum, division, class, order, family, genus, species
