Biol 432L

Question 1

Anterior/Cranial

Answer 1

Toward the head/front of the body

Question 2

Posterior/Caudal

Answer 2

Toward the tail/rear of the body

Question 3

Medial

Answer 3

Toward the midline of the body

Question 4

Lateral

Answer 4

Toward the sides of the body

Question 5

Proximal

Answer 5

Used primarily with reference to the limbs; closer to the fixed end (closer to the midline).

Refers to a position closer to the fixed end of a limb or towards the midline of the body.

Question 6

Distal

Answer 6

Used primarily with reference to the limbs; closer to the free end (away from midline)

Refers to a position closer to the free end of a limb or away from the midline of the body.

Question 7

Labial

Answer 7

Used for definition; toward the cheeks (closer to the lips).

In relation to dentition.

Question 8

Lingual

Answer 8

Used for definition; toward the tongue (closer to the tongue).

In relation to dentition.

Question 9

Deep

Answer 9

Closer to the center of the body or a specific organ.

Question 10

Superficial

Answer 10

Closer to the surface of the body or a specific organ

Question 11

Projection from a bone:
Crest

Answer 11

A bony ridge

Question 12

Projection from a bone:
Process

Answer 12

A generalized term for a projection on a bone

Question 13

Projection from a bone:
Trochanter

Answer 13

A large, blunt process on a bone

Question 14

Projection from a bone:
Tubercle

Answer 14

A small, usually rounded process on a bone.

Question 15

Projection from a bone:
Condyle

Answer 15

A rounded, smooth projection for articulation with another bone

Question 16

Projection from a bone:
Epicondyle

Answer 16

A process near a condyle, a place of attachment for tendons and ligaments.

Question 17

Projection from a bone:
Head

Answer 17

The enlarged, often rounded end of a bone.

Question 18

Indentation on a bone:
Facet

Answer 18

A smooth, indented surface for articulation

Question 19

Indentation on a bone:
Formaen (pl. foramina)

Answer 19

A hole

Question 20

Indentation on a bone:
Fossa

Answer 20

A depression

Question 21

Indentation on a bone:
Meatus

Answer 21

A type of foramen, a passage

Question 22

Premaxilla

Answer 22

the most anterior bone of the upper jaw from a amniote skull (amniote- mammal, bird or reptile)

Question 23

Maxilla

Answer 23

jawbone specifically the upper jaw (amniote skull)

Question 24

Frontal

Answer 24

the front part of the skull the top/ middle

Question 24

Temporal/Squamosal (non-fish)

Answer 24

back bone near the ears

Question 24

Orbit (an opening)

Answer 24

the eye the skull

Question 25

Parietal

Answer 25

the top back of the skull

Question 25

External auditory meatus (non-fish)

Answer 25

the ears

Question 25

Temporal fenestra (opening) (amniotes)

Answer 25

post-orbital openings in the skull that allow muscles to expand and lengthen

Question 25

Quadrate (non-mammals)

Answer 25

lower bone that connects the jaw

Question 25

Jugal /Zygomatic (non-fish

Answer 25

the cheekbone

Question 26

Occipital

Answer 26

the back bone at the base of the skull

Question 27

Occipital condyle(s) (non-fish)

Answer 27

At the back of the skull, a bony knob which articulates with the first vertebra

Question 28

Foramen magnum

Answer 28

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 29

Auditory/tympanic bulla (mammals)

Answer 29

hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear

Question 30

Pterygoid (amniotes)

Answer 30

The y section of the frogs jaw

Question 31

Pterygoid process

Answer 31

a pair of projections from the sphenoid bone in the skull. allows the jaw to move in a vertical direction as it contracts and relaxes

Question 32

Palatine

Answer 32

Similar to the hard palate

Question 33

Turbinals (birds and mammals

Answer 33

Inside of the nose birds and mammals only

Question 34

External nares

Answer 34

Outer part of the nose

Question 35

Internal nares/choanae (non-fish)

Answer 35

two openings found at the back of the nasal passage between the nasal cavity and the pharynx (humans and mammals)

Question 36

Mandible (lower jaw)

Answer 36

Lower jaw which is replaceable for the lower teeth

Question 37

Dentary

Answer 37

The large anterior bone forming at least half of the mandible and bears the teeth

Question 38

Articular (non-mammals)

Answer 38

Forms most of the surface that articulates with the quadrate of the skull to form the jaw joint

Question 39

Coronoid process (non-fish)

Answer 39

acts as a bony buttress to prevent posterior dislocation

Question 40

Angular process (mammals)

Answer 40

an area for attachment of two jaw elevators, the masseter and the medial pterygoid muscles

Question 41

Masseteric fossa (mammals)

Answer 41

primarily responsible for the elevation of the mandible and some protraction of the mandible

Question 42

Vertebrae

Answer 42

small bones forming the backbone, having articulation and muscle attachment, and a hole through which the spinal cord passes.

Question 43

Cervical

Answer 43

starts just below the skull and ends just above the thoracic spine.