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Biol 432L > Biol 432L > Flashcards

Biol 432L Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior/Cranial

A

Toward the head/front of the body

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2
Q

Posterior/Caudal

A

Toward the tail/rear of the body

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3
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midline of the body

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4
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the sides of the body

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5
Q

Proximal

A

Used primarily with reference to the limbs; closer to the fixed end (closer to the midline).

Refers to a position closer to the fixed end of a limb or towards the midline of the body.

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6
Q

Distal

A

Used primarily with reference to the limbs; closer to the free end (away from midline)

Refers to a position closer to the free end of a limb or away from the midline of the body.

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7
Q

Labial

A

Used for definition; toward the cheeks (closer to the lips).

In relation to dentition.

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8
Q

Lingual

A

Used for definition; toward the tongue (closer to the tongue).

In relation to dentition.

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9
Q

Deep

A

Closer to the center of the body or a specific organ.

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10
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface of the body or a specific organ

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11
Q

Projection from a bone:
Crest

A

A bony ridge

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12
Q

Projection from a bone:
Process

A

A generalized term for a projection on a bone

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13
Q

Projection from a bone:
Trochanter

A

A large, blunt process on a bone

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14
Q

Projection from a bone:
Tubercle

A

A small, usually rounded process on a bone.

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15
Q

Projection from a bone:
Condyle

A

A rounded, smooth projection for articulation with another bone

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16
Q

Projection from a bone:
Epicondyle

A

A process near a condyle, a place of attachment for tendons and ligaments.

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17
Q

Projection from a bone:
Head

A

The enlarged, often rounded end of a bone.

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18
Q

Indentation on a bone:
Facet

A

A smooth, indented surface for articulation

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19
Q

Indentation on a bone:
Formaen (pl. foramina)

A

A hole

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20
Q

Indentation on a bone:
Fossa

A

A depression

21
Q

Indentation on a bone:
Meatus

A

A type of foramen, a passage

22
Q

Premaxilla

A

the most anterior bone of the upper jaw from a amniote skull (amniote- mammal, bird or reptile)

23
Q

Maxilla

A

jawbone specifically the upper jaw (amniote skull)

24
Q

Frontal

A

the front part of the skull the top/ middle

24
Q

Temporal/Squamosal (non-fish)

A

back bone near the ears

24
Q

Orbit (an opening)

A

the eye the skull

25
Q

Parietal

A

the top back of the skull

25
Q

External auditory meatus (non-fish)

A

the ears

25
Q

Temporal fenestra (opening) (amniotes)

A

post-orbital openings in the skull that allow muscles to expand and lengthen

25
Q

Quadrate (non-mammals)

A

lower bone that connects the jaw

25
Q

Jugal /Zygomatic (non-fish

A

the cheekbone

26
Q

Occipital

A

the back bone at the base of the skull

27
Q

Occipital condyle(s) (non-fish)

A

At the back of the skull, a bony knob which articulates with the first vertebra

28
Q

Foramen magnum

A

the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

29
Q

Auditory/tympanic bulla (mammals)

A

hollow bony structure on the ventral, posterior portion of the skull that encloses parts of the middle and inner ear

30
Q

Pterygoid (amniotes)

A

The y section of the frogs jaw

31
Q

Pterygoid process

A

a pair of projections from the sphenoid bone in the skull. allows the jaw to move in a vertical direction as it contracts and relaxes

32
Q

Palatine

A

Similar to the hard palate

33
Q

Turbinals (birds and mammals

A

Inside of the nose birds and mammals only

34
Q

External nares

A

Outer part of the nose

35
Q

Internal nares/choanae (non-fish)

A

two openings found at the back of the nasal passage between the nasal cavity and the pharynx (humans and mammals)

36
Q

Mandible (lower jaw)

A

Lower jaw which is replaceable for the lower teeth

37
Q

Dentary

A

The large anterior bone forming at least half of the mandible and bears the teeth

38
Q

Articular (non-mammals)

A

Forms most of the surface that articulates with the quadrate of the skull to form the jaw joint

39
Q

Coronoid process (non-fish)

A

acts as a bony buttress to prevent posterior dislocation

40
Q

Angular process (mammals)

A

an area for attachment of two jaw elevators, the masseter and the medial pterygoid muscles

41
Q

Masseteric fossa (mammals)

A

primarily responsible for the elevation of the mandible and some protraction of the mandible

42
Q

Vertebrae

A

small bones forming the backbone, having articulation and muscle attachment, and a hole through which the spinal cord passes.

43
Q

Cervical

A

starts just below the skull and ends just above the thoracic spine.

Biol 432L (2 decks)

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