BIOL 230 Test 3 Flashcards
glycolysis initial reactants
glucose
glycolysis final products
pyruvate + net 2ATP (tech 4) + 2NADH
what is the purpose of rxns with -deltaG
prevent a cycle or going backwards/ pushes overall process forward
what cells in humans undergo gluconeogenesis
liver
does gluconeogenesis use the same pathways as glycolysis? why?
no because of the 3 irreversible steps you need a diff chem pathway
gluconeogenesis initial reactants
pyruvate
gluconeogenesis final products
glucose
for every pyruvate converted to Acetyl CoA
1 NADH is produced
Krebs initial
pyruvate
Krebs final
2ATP+ 6NADH + 2FADH (total)
How can amino acids affect the Krebs cycle
they can enter at various points to act as substrtes for the rxn
ROS
Electrons that escape the ETC can bind with oxygen to reduce them and form ROS. These can be harmful to the cell and degrade DNA and protein
Superoxide
O2- ; reactive and can damage proteins and DNA
atp synthase F0
english letters, part of membrane
atp synthase F1
greek letters, inside of inner membrane space
Where is ATP synthase
in the inner layer of the mitochondrion, with the F1 subunit facing inside the inner membrane (protons pumped in between outer and inner membrane
focal adhesions
where ecm and cell interact; involves integral membrane proteins
collagen
fibrous protein
laminin
adhesive protein
fibronectin
adhesive protein
COMMON INTEGRIN LIGAND
interact w/ ECM to form fibrils
integrin
integral membrane protein
dimer w/ alpha e beta
activation triggers RTK
cadherin
integral membrane protein
RDG motif
found in ligands that bind to integrin
how is fibronectin made?
produced in cell in a clumped up form inside the cell, Integrins recognize and bind the RGD motif of fibronectin (remember RGD motif is ligand, outside of cell), Signaling pathways activate the cell’s cytoskeleton,
mechanical force between the integrins and cytoskeleton “STRETCH” the fibronectin to its active form (long line of protein).
