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Biol 228 > Biol 228 Invertebrates Test > Flashcards

Biol 228 Invertebrates Test Flashcards

Memorise shit for the Practical test

1
Q

What is Phylum Porifera?

A

Sponges

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2
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

Flagellated cells, lining the inner of the cell

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3
Q

What do ostia and oscula do?

A

Ostia: incurrent pores. Oscula: larger, outcurrent pores

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4
Q

What is the sponge’s supporting material?

A

Mesophyl. Contains skeletal elements, held in a gelatinous matrix

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5
Q

What is the purpose of choanocytes?

A

Use water current to capture food

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6
Q

Sponge structures, simplest to most complex

A

Asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid. Most sponges are leuconoid

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7
Q

How do sponges feed?

A

Filter feeders. Unselective

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Both sexual and asexual

Hermaphrodites, but not at the same time

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9
Q

Types of asexual reproduction

A

Gemmules: Seed like capsule of cells held during adverse conditions, released when conditions improve, form new sponge.

Budding: Pieces break off and form new sponge

Aggregation: Disassociated sponge cells aggregate to reform a sponge

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10
Q

Characteristics of class Hexactinellida

A 
'Glass Sponges'
6 ray spicules
spicules made of SiO2 
Marine
Mainly syconoid or leuconoid
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11
Q

Characteristics of class Calcarea

A

Spicules made of CaCO3

All three construction types (Asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid)

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12
Q

Characteristics of class Demospongiae

A

95% of all sponges
Leuconoid
Spicules are SiO2, spongin fibres, or both

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13
Q

Sponge Ecology

A

Indeterminate growth, can be very big
Only eaten by specialised predators
can create own water current
Found on hard surfaces, shapes detemined by it

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14
Q

Do sponges have tissue layers?

A

No

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15
Q

What are phylum Cnidaria?

A

Jellyfish

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16
Q

What are the functions of nematocysts?

A

Stinging capsules. Defence and capture of prey

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17
Q

Body plan of nematocysts:

A

Sac with tentacles

Have opening that leads to gastrovascular cavity

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18
Q

Tissue layers?

A
  1. Ectodermal and gastrodermal w/ mesoglea (jelly) in between
19
Q

Organs? Circulatory system?

A

No organs or circulatory system. Repiration, excretion and digestion by diffusion

20
Q

What are polyps?

A

Cylindrical, thin mesoglea, hard skeleton, stationary

21
Q

What are medusae?

A

Umbrella shaped, thick mesoglea, free swimming, no skeleton

22
Q

Characteristics of class Hydrozoa

A

Most have polyps and medusae in life

23
Q

What is a gatrsozooid used for?

A

Feeding

24
Q

What is a gonozooid used for?

A

Reproduction

25
Q

What is the layer of tissue around the bell shaped medusae called?

A

Velum

26
Q

What is a Manubrium?

A

A stalk with a mouth on the end leading to Gastrovascular cavity. 4 Radial canals branch off

27
Q

Characteristics of class Anthozoa

A

All polyps. No medusae
Has hydrostatic skeleton
Uses nematocysts to catch prey

28
Q

What is pedal laceration?

A

Pinch off parts of ‘foot’ and walk away. Cloning.

29
Q

How do Anthozoan’s reproduce?

A

Sexual or Asexual
Free spawn or internal fertilisation
Some hermaphrodites

30
Q

What are the characteristics of class Scyphozoa?

A

True Jellyfish
Medusae dominated. Polyps reduced or non existant
No Velum
mouth is oral lobes

31
Q

What are Rhopalia?

A

Finger like projections on outer of bell with sensory stuctures. Found in Scyphozoans.

32
Q

What are characteristics of Platyhelminthes?

A 
Flat worms
Unsegmented
3 Tissue layers
No body cavity (coelom) 
Hermaphrodites with Internal fertilisation
33
Q

What are the characteristics of Class Turbelleria?

A

Ciliated epidermis- Particularly ventral (underside)

Digestive system variable in shape ans complexity

34
Q

Turbellarian reproduction:

A

Sexual and asexual
Sexual complicated
Asexual- they can literally break themselves in half and regenerate

35
Q

What are the characteristics of class Trematoda?

A

Parasites
Larval stage as parasites on invertebrates
Adult stage as parasites on vertebrates

36
Q

What are the characteristics of class Cestoda?

A 
Tape worms 
Larvae parasitic on invertebrates
Adults live in digestive tracts of vertebrates 
No gut of their own
Hold on with suckers
37
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Annelida

A

Segmented
Closed circulatory system- vessels act like hearts
complete digestive tract
Nervous system

38
Q

What does cephalised mean?

A

Has a head

39
Q

Characteristics of class Clitellata

A

Leeches and Earthworms
Have a Clitellum- cylindrical glandular region of the epidermis
Used for reproduction
Hermaphrodites with permanent gonads

40
Q

What is the subclass of earthworms?

A

Subclass Oligochaeta

41
Q

What is the subclass of Leeches?

A

Subclass Hirudinea

42
Q

Characteristics of class Polychaeta:

A 
Marine
Have Parapodia- outgrowth of body wall
Seperate sexes- most free spawn
Developed head with brain
Deposit feeders 
Reproduction in accordance with the moon
43
Q

Characteristics of Molluscs:

A 
Bilaterally symmetric
Cephalised
Unsegmented
Open circulatory system
Nervous system
44
Q

What are the 4 parts of a mollusc?

A

Head, foot, mantle, visceral mass

Biol 228 (1 decks)

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