Biol 151 Exam 4 Meeting 35

Question 1

_________________ are a series of enzymatic reactions that sequentially use products of the previous step

Answer 1

metabolic pathways

Question 2

Metabolic pathways are a _______________ that sequentially use products of the previous step

Answer 2

series of enzymatic reactions

Question 3

Metabolic pathways are a series of enzymatic reactions that _____________________

Answer 3

sequentially use the product of the previous step

Question 4

_________ codes for only one peptide (_________)

Answer 4

one gene
protein

Question 5

One gene codes for ___________

Answer 5

one peptide

Question 6

A ________ is a three-nucleotide sequence that is read in the _______ to code for a specific amino acid

Answer 6

codon
ribosome

Question 7

A codon is a ____________ that is read in the ribosome to code for ___________

Answer 7

three nucleotide sequence
a specific amino acid

Question 8

The genetic code is _______, _______, _____, and _______

Answer 8

redundant
unambiguous
Universal
conservative
non-overlapping

Question 9

the _____________ is redundant, unambiguous, universal, conservative, and non-overlapping

Answer 9

genetic code

Question 10

Protein’s ___________ is determined by 3 nucleotide-long codons based on the universal genetic code

Answer 10

amino acid sequence

Question 11

A protein’s amino acid sequence is determined by ____________ based on the _______________

Answer 11

3 nucleotide-long codons
universal genetic code

Question 12

Transcription uses the “_____” 3’ to 5’ DNA strand to code for ______ with the ________ that match “______” coding DNA strand

Answer 12

lower
RNA
codons
top

Question 13

_________ uses the “lower” ________ DNA strand to code for RNA with the codons that match “top” ___________

Answer 13

transcription
3’ to 5’
coding DNA strand

Question 14

________ in DNA may lead to adaptation

Answer 14

Mutations

Question 15

Mutations may lead to ___________

Answer 15

Adaptation

Question 16

Mutations can have ____________ impact on proteins (_________)

Answer 16

Small to very large
Disease

Question 17

___________ can have small to very large impact on __________

Answer 17

Mutations
Proteins

Question 18

Mutations are a _________ change in the ___________

Answer 18

Permanent
genome

Question 19

____________ are a permanent change in the genome

Answer 19

Mutations

Question 20

___________: a single base change

Answer 20

Point mutations

Question 21

Point mutations: ____________

Answer 21

A single base change

Question 22

Point mutations create

Answer 22

New alleles

Question 23

Point mutations include __________

Answer 23

Missense
Silent
Nonsense

Question 24

_________: complete changes (part of a) gene

Answer 24

Frameshift mutations

Question 25

Frameshift mutations: ________

Answer 25

Completely changes part of a gene

Question 26

____________ are due to repetitive copying of the same codon during replication

Answer 26

Code amplification mutations

Question 27

Code amplification mutations are due to ______________ during _______

Answer 27

Repetitive copying of a the same codon replication

Question 28

Codon amplification mutations leads to ___________

Answer 28

Increase in number of an amino acid

Question 29

__________ leads to an increase in the number of an amino acid

Answer 29

Codon amplification mutations

Question 30

______________ are larger in scale to codon amplification mutations

Answer 30

Chromosome level mutations

Question 31

Chromosome level mutations often result due to ______, _______, ________ or _______ of parts of chromosomes

Answer 31

Addition
Inversion
Translocation
Deletion

Question 32

______________ often result due to addition, inversion, translocation or deletion of _____________

Answer 32

Parts of chromosomes

Question 33

_____________ change one nucleotide at a time

Answer 33

Point mutations

Question 34

Point mutations change __________ at a time

Answer 34

One nucleotide

Question 35

Point mutations can have ____________

Answer 35

Different impact on a protein

Question 36

___________ change the entire downstream coding sequence

Answer 36

Frameshift mutations

Question 37

Frameshift mutations change the __________

Answer 37

Entire downstream coding sequence

Question 38

_____________ results in an early termination or different protein sequence

Answer 38

Frameshift mutation

Question 39

Frameshift mutations result in ____________ or ____________

Answer 39

An early termination
Different protein sequence

Question 40

Mutations are __________ (_________) because that becomes the “genome” after the next __________

Answer 40

Propagated
Passed on
S-phase phase

Question 41

________ are propagated (passed on) because that becomes the _________ after the next S-phase phase

Answer 41

Mutations
Genome

Question 42

________ (________) can cause mutations such as thymine dimers

Answer 42

Exposure to UV
And other teratogens

Question 43

Exposure to UV can cause ________ such as __________

Answer 43

Mutations
Thymine dimers

Question 44

____________ can correct base-pair mismatch mutations

Answer 44

Nucleotide Excision Repair mechanism

Question 45

Nucleotide Excision Repair mechanism can ___________

Answer 45

Correct base-pair mismatch mutations