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BIOL 1408 > BIOL 1408 UNIT 3 REVIEW > Flashcards

BIOL 1408 UNIT 3 REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Substrates

A

The reactants that bind to the enzyme

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2
Q

Products of Photosynthesis

A

Oxygen and Glucose

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3
Q

Light and Dark (Carbon) Reactions

A

Light: energy captured and converted to chemical energy

Dark: energy used to make sugar

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4
Q

Water in Photosynthesis

A

Needed to make sugar

a reactant

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5
Q

O2 comes from

A

Photosynthesis and Light Reactions

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6
Q

Light Dependent & Light Independent (Carbon) Reactions

A

Light Dependent: Sunlight energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and stored as chemical energy (ATP & NADPH)

Light Independent: ATP & NADPH from light dependent reaction is used to reduce CO2 and make glucose

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7
Q

Wavelength Absorption

A

Sun emits energy in waves

Short Wavelengths: high energy than long wavelengths

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8
Q

Rubisco

A

The Major Enzyme assimilating CO2 into the biosphere

Catalyzes the first reaction in the Carbon Cycle

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9
Q

CO2 fixation

A

Carbon is removed from molecules of CO2

Rubisco enzyme adds CO2 onto RuBp. Unstable six-carbon organic molecule is produced

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10
Q

RuBP

A

ribulose biphosphate: a five carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO2 to form two molecules of PGA in the first step of the Calvin Cycle

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11
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

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11
Q

Cell Respiration Energy Sources

A

uses glucose to produce ATP

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12
Q

Location of Photosynthesis

A

chloroplasts

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13
Q

Products of Cellular Respiration

A

Water and CO2

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14
Q

autotroph vs. heterotroph

A

autotroph: energy from sun

heterotroph: energy form eating organisms

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14
Q

Pigments in Photosynthesis

A

Molecules that capture energy from light

Chlorophyll a is the main photosynthetic pigment

Chlorophyll a and b

15
Q

The energy source of photosynthesis

A

The sun

16
Q

photons

A

packets of light energy

17
Q

Thylakoid

A

several stacks of membranes in a chloroplast

located in chloroplast

18
Q

Granum

A

once of the stacks of pigment containing thylakoid

located in chloroplast

19
Q

H2O oxidation in PSII

A

uses sunlight energy to oxidize water

produces oxygen, protons and electrons

19
Q

Chloroplasts

A

capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

located in mesophyll

19
Q

PSII & PSI products

A

1 creates ATP
2 creates NADPH and uses electrons to reduce NADP to NADPH

20
Q

Stomata

A

small opening through which the exchange of gases occur

closed during hot, dry weather to conserve water

open at night, in cool moist air to avoid photorespiration

21
Q

Importance role in C3/C4/CAM plants

A

c3: fix carbon dioxide

c4: cycles carbon dioxide into four carbon sugar compounds

CAM: stomata opens at night, CO2 diffuses into lead and combines with PEP and forms malate

22
Q

role of mitochondria

A

performs cellular respiration

pyruvate oxidation, Kreb/Citric Acid Cycle, Electron transport

23
Q

Glucose formular

A

C6H12O6

23
Q

Why cell respiration is in a sequential order of steps

A

it needs to occur step by step or else it would be too much energy to harness

24
Q

Glycolysis products

A

Pyruvate, ATP, and NADPH

24
Q

3 parts of cellular respiration and where they occur

A

glycolysis in Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle in mitochondria
electron transport chain in mitochondria

25
Q

who are the electron carrier molecules

A

NAD

picks up electrons forming two molecules of NADH

25
Q

final electron acceptor on ETC

A

oxygen

26
Q

ATP synthase

A

the enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate

27
Q

Gross vs. Net ATP production in glycolysis

A

Gross: 4 ATP
Net: 2 ATP

28
Q

Products of each of the 3 steps of glycolysis

A

Glycolysis: glucose splits in half forming pyruvate, ATP, and NADPH

Krebs: Derivative of pyruvate is oxidized; CO2 is released

ETC: energy from electrons is used to form ATP

29
Q

ETC and Proton gradient

A

energy released forms a proton gradient which is used to make large amounts of ATP by protein ATP-Synthase

30
Q

Fermentation Review

A

Glycolysis produces ATP and regenerates NAD

requires pyruvate from glycolysis and oxidizes NADH to form NAD

Pyruvate is converted to alcohol, lactic acids. Microbes like yeast produce enzymes for alcohol fermentation

BIOL 1408 (3 decks)

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