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Biology 121 > BIOL 121 EXAM #3 > Flashcards

BIOL 121 EXAM #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown/ release of energy

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2
Q

Anabolism

A

Build up/ stores energy

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3
Q

In living/ growing cells there will be a constant supply of?

A

ATP

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4
Q

What does not like to be apart?

A

Hydrogen ions and electrons (best friends)

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5
Q

Reduction is?

A

the loss of oxygen or the gain of hydrogen or the gain of electrons

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6
Q

What is true about ReDox reactions?

A

They are always coupled

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7
Q

Osmosis deals with what?

A

movement of chemicals across a membrane

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8
Q

Plant cells have both mitochondria and chloroplasts; we only have…what?

A

the mitochondria

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9
Q

Highly flexible, movable structure

A

Proteins

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10
Q

If we change the pH, we change what else?

A

The structure/ function of the protein

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11
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Production of ATP from the energy of light

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12
Q

Another word for Pyruvate?

A

Pyruvic acid

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13
Q

Another word for Pyruvic acid?

A

Pyruvate

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14
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

the conversion of glucose to pyruvate

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15
Q

Wherever there is an electron, what else is floating around?

A

Hydrogen

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16
Q

Human cells produce how much ATP?

A

36

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17
Q

Bacteria produce how much ATP?

A

38

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18
Q

Are humans or bacteria more efficient at producing ATP?

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

How much ATP do you get from a NAD(H)?

A

3

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20
Q

CO2 is a?

A

waste gas; drifts out into atmosphere

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21
Q

Electron Transport Chain is like what?

A

a battery; in its distribution of charges

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22
Q

What takes the hydrogen off the NADH?

A

FMN

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23
Q

Derived from one of the B vitamins

A

Electron Transport Chain

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24
Q

ATP Sythase is what?

A

an enzyme; associated with the flow of hydrogen ions

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25
Q

Without the ability to “dump” an electron, what happens?

A

None of it moves; stops like heavy traffic

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26
Q

The poor electron is stuck if?

A

there is no oxygen

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27
Q

How much protein does a human need?

A

75g

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28
Q

Our bodies do not need a lot of what?

A

Nitrogen

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29
Q

Proteins are long chains of what?

A

amino acids; need to be broken down

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30
Q

Protease, peptidase are examples of what?

A

enzymes

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31
Q

Deamination (protein)

A

taking away the amine group

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32
Q

Decarboxylation (protein)

A

take off extra carboxyl groups

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33
Q

Dehydrogenation (protein)

A

rearrange hydrogen groups

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34
Q

All proteins eventually feed into which process?

A

the Pyruvate process

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35
Q

Type of carb

A

monosaccharides

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36
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A

ribose, deoxyribose, galactose

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37
Q

Which form of sugar can human bodies use?

A

Glucose

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38
Q

We harvest the energy through what?

A

glycolysis

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39
Q

Can everything we take in be converted to energy?

A

Yes

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40
Q

Examples of lipids?

A

fats, fatty acids, long chains in pairs

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41
Q

Fatty acids are an example of what?

A

Lipids

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42
Q

Lipid chains always occur in what?

A

even numbers

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43
Q

Fatty acids are associated with what?

A

the ability to harvest energy from anything

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44
Q

Some excess calories are used for what?

A

Synthesis

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45
Q

If we take in excess sugar, what does the liver do?

A

Turns it to glycogen

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46
Q

Humans cannot make animo acids like what can?

A

bacteria

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47
Q

Bacteria can make animo acids unlike what?

A

humans

48
Q

Humans must get amino acids from what?

A

something that dies

49
Q

Cells will not build more proteins than they need? T or F?

A

True

50
Q

You only need how much protein per day?

A

3oz

51
Q

Carbs: how many calories per gram?

A

4

52
Q

Proteins: how many cals per gram?

A

4

53
Q

Fats & lipids: how many cals per gram?

A

9

54
Q

How many cals are stored as 1 pound of fat?

A

3500

55
Q

If too many cals are consumed what happens?

A

stored

56
Q

If too little cals are consumed what happens?

A

used

57
Q

(diet) The body is created for what?

A

balance

58
Q

What creates heat during a fever?

A

calories being burned

59
Q

Fever of 105 is burning how many cals/ hr?

A

1000

60
Q

(anabolism) taking small molecules and making

A

big ones

61
Q

Some organisms are heterotrophic (other-feeding);

A

Us

62
Q

Heterotrophic?

A

other-feeding

63
Q

Every cell must have source of?

A

energy, electrons, and carbon

64
Q

Photon is

A

energy packet

65
Q

Each photon has different energy level depending on

A

how it was produced

66
Q

Wavelengths are measured in what?

A

hv

67
Q

Shorter hv

A

higher energy

68
Q

Longer hv

A

lower energy

69
Q

Humans interpret sound via what

A

wavelengths

70
Q

(wavelength) 700 peaks/ unit is?

A

rather long

71
Q

What color are shorter wavelengths?

A

violet

72
Q

Red light range= high or low energy?

A

HIGH

73
Q

Violet light range= high or low energy?

A

LOW

74
Q

(light): they are so energetic that they can start knocking off electrons

A

Ultraviolet range

75
Q

Outer cloud

A

valence electrons

76
Q

Whole world is driven by these?

A

valence electrons

77
Q

(photonic effects on molecules): Lowest energy

A

ground state

78
Q

(photonic effects on molecules): elevated energy

A

excited

79
Q

Excited molecules are?

A

unstable

80
Q

Every element, if heated, generates specific wavelengths of what?

A

emitted light

81
Q

(photon of light), if immediate, is called what?

A

fluorescence

82
Q

(photon of light), if delayed, is called what?

A

phosphorescence

83
Q

If holds light AFTER it is GONE

A

phosphorescence

84
Q

If holds light only ONCE light is ON it

A

phorescence

85
Q

Pigments that we see outside are molecules that collect?

A

energy of light

86
Q

(energy absorbing pigments)

A

Chlorophyll a and b

87
Q

Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)

A

Contains magnesium in porphyrin ring

88
Q

Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)

A

Frying pan shape with phytol tail

89
Q

Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)

A

In green plants, algae, cyanobacteria: green is waste energy

90
Q

In green plants, algae, cyanobacteria: green is?

A

waste energy

91
Q

Chlorophyll a and b (characteristics)

A

Absorbs blue, red; reflects green light

92
Q

Carotenoids absorb which colors?

A

blue and violet

93
Q

Cartenoids reflect which colors?

A

red, orange, and yellow

94
Q

Black colors do what?

A

Absorb energy

95
Q

White colors do what?

A

Reflect energy

96
Q

(chloroplasts) membrane is called

A

thylakoid membrane

97
Q

(chloroplasts): Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called

A

grana

98
Q

(chloroplasts): Grana collected in

A

chloroplast stroma

99
Q

Inner membrane of chloroplast

A

cyanobacteria

100
Q

Photolysis

A

Using energy of light to break water

101
Q

When you cut apart water molecule(P680) you get?

A

electrons, hydrogen ions, and oxygen

102
Q

Oxygen is nasty?

A

waste gas we cannot use

103
Q

feed themselves

A

autotrophs

104
Q

cannot make own food, so steal from others

A

heterotroph

105
Q

Where humans typically get glucose from

A

plants

106
Q

phototrophs

A

get energy from light

107
Q

chemotrophs

A

do not get energy from light

108
Q

Humans are chemo-heterotrophs or autotrophs?

A

chemo-heterotrophs

109
Q

Non-photosynthetic organisms

A

fungi, animals

110
Q

(photoautotrophs) that produce 02

A

oxygenic

111
Q

Anoxygenic organisms

A

live where there is no oxygen

112
Q

Chemoautotrophs use what as an energy source

A

H2S ; sulfur; Ammonia (NH4+); Nitrite (NO2-); Ferrous ions (Fe++)

113
Q

…use glucose as both energy and carbon source

A

Chemoheterotroph

114
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

…use glucose as both energy and carbon source

115
Q

(chemoheterotroph): Saprophytes live on what?

A

dead, organic matter

116
Q

Parasites feed upon what?

A

living hosts

Biology 121 (1 decks)

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