BIOL-111 LAB

Question 1

Bradford Assay

Answer 1

acidified solution

Question 2

What is the Bradford Assay

Answer 2

time-tested colorimetric assay

Question 3

What effect occurred when Bradford Assay binds to proteins

Answer 3

The dye undergoes a color change in visible spectrum

Question 4

What was the absorbance max?

Answer 4

470-595

Question 5

What is a Spectrophotometer?

Answer 5

instrument measures (transmittance) or (absorbance).

Question 6

What is the molar weight?

Answer 6

measure of mass, a mole is 6*10^23

Question 7

What is the standard curve?

Answer 7

graphs of light absorbance vs solution concentration

Question 8

What caused the intense blue color in the Lab 2

Answer 8

Protien concentration increased

Question 9

What are Dilutions?

Answer 9

lowering the concentration of a solute in a solution by adding more solvent to the solution

Question 10

What equation was used to compare dilutions?

Answer 10

c1v1=C2V2

Question 11

What is a serial dilution?

Answer 11

a step-wise series of dilutions, where the dilution factor stays the same for each step. But concentration decreases by the same quantity in each successive step.

Question 12

What is a micropippete/

Answer 12

an instrument used to measure/deliver amounts of liquid with high accuracy and precision

Question 13

How to draw from a pippete

Answer 13

To drawn up the liquid,
Hold the pipette vertically; depress the plunger button to the first stop (A).
Place the tip just under the surface of the liquid (see the diagram)
Smoothly release the plunger button (B) keeping the tip at a constant depth.
Carefully withdraw the tip from the liquid, touching against the edge of the container to remove excess.

Question 14

What is a serial solution?

Answer 14

Series of dilutions where concentration decreases by the same quantity in each successive step.

Question 15

What are enzymes?

Answer 15

proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.

Question 16

What are substrates?

Answer 16

a molecule that an enzyme reacts with

Question 17

What happens when a enzyme binds with substrates?

Answer 17

lowers the activation energy of the reaction and promotes its rapid progression.

Question 18

How does concentration affect enzymes activity?

Answer 18

When the concentration of substrate/enzyme increases, rate of reaction increases.

Question 19

denaturing

Answer 19

an enzyme or unfolding it causes the enzyme to lose functionality.
Extreme conditions (pH and temperature) can affect the structure of an enzyme.

Question 20

What can affect the structure of an enzyme?

Answer 20

extreme conditions in PH and TEMP

Question 21

What happens after hydrolysis

Answer 21

Reactions times must be limited before substrate is fully consumed

Question 22

how to calculate enzyme activity

Answer 22

(Absorbance/ Elapsed Time in seconds) x 1000

Question 23

how to calculate molarity?

Answer 23

m/L first find ONPG=301gr/mol & divide it by total volume

Question 24

what is hydrolysis?

Answer 24

breakdown of a molecule by using up a water molecule

Question 25

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 25

all the processes a living organism uses to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate). use oxygen to gradually disassemble a molecule of glucose. The chemical energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to form ATP.

Question 26

anaerobic respiration

Answer 26

(aka Fermentation) type of respiration used when there is not enough oxygen for aerobic respiration (glucose-> lactic acid)(+energy released)

Question 27

glycolysis

Question 28

explain the function of oxygen in cellular respiration and what happens when it is limiting

Answer 28

oxygen is used to make energy (ATP) and when it is limiting, the cell goes to the cori cycle instead of the ETC after Krebs

Question 29

Three stages of cellular respiration

Answer 29

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain

Question 30

electron transport chain

Answer 30

a process that moves hydrogen ions across a membrane to produce large amounts of ATP. O2 final electron acceptor and NADH/FADH uses this to pump protons outside mitochondria.

Question 31

photosynthesis

Answer 31

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.