biol 110 final exam

Question 1

what is the first step of the scientific method

Answer 1

Observation of phenomenon

Question 2

what is the second step of the scientific method

Answer 2

Ask questions

Question 3

what is the third step of the scientific method

Answer 3

Forming a hypothesis

Question 4

what is the fourth step of the scientific method

Answer 4

Use the hypothesis to form predictions that are used to determine the experiment

Question 5

what is the fifth step of the scientific method

Answer 5

design an experiment

Question 6

what is the independent variable

Answer 6

this is the variable that is deliberately changed

Question 7

what is the dependent variable

Answer 7

the variable that is observed and changes in response to the independent variable

Question 8

what is the experimental group

Answer 8

this is the group exposed to the independent variable

Question 9

what is the control group

Answer 9

this group is exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for the independent variable

Question 10

what is the null hypothesis

Answer 10

there is no relationship between two measured phenomena. the premise that any differences observed in an experiment are simply the result of random differences

Question 11

what is the negative control

Answer 11

in an experiment, a group(s) where no phenomenon is expected. They ensure that there is no effect when there should be no effect

Question 12

what is the positive control

Answer 12

in an experiment, a group(s) where the phenomenon is expected. They ensure that there is an effect when there should be an effect

Question 13

what are the characteristics of water

Answer 13

i. water is a polarized molecule resulted from differences in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen

Question 14

formation of hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

the partial negative portions of one molecule can interact with the partial positive portions of another molecule

Question 15

electronegativity

Answer 15

a measure for the strength of attraction of an atom for electrons.

Question 16

why is water polar

Answer 16

oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen making it more polar

Question 17

hydrophilic

Answer 17

compounds that dissolve easily in water

Question 18

hydrophobic

Answer 18

compounds that do not dissolve easily in water

Question 19

hydrophobic effect (in terms of energy and organization or entropy)

Answer 19

entropy deals with the level of disorder. high entropy takes low energy because it is less work to place into order but low entropy is high energy because it takes more work to put it into order

Question 20

what are the functions of water

Answer 20

i. melting points and boiling points
ii. crucial for the structure and function of an active site of an enzyme

Question 21

hydrolysis

Answer 21

water is reactant (makes bonds)

Question 22

condensation

Answer 22

water is the product (breaks bonds)

Question 23

anabolism

Answer 23

builds larger molecules from smaller, simple precursors. (endergonic-requires an input of energy)

Question 24

catabolism

Answer 24

degradative phase of metabolism. molecules are converted into smaller simple precursors (exergonic releases energy)