BIOL 1 Final Exam Flashcards
The independent assortment of allele pairs is due to __________________________.
a) the independent segregation of sister chromatid pairs during anaphase I.
b) the independent segregation of homologous chromosome pairs during anaphase I.
c) the independent segregation of homologous chromosome pairs during anaphase II.
d) the independent segregation of non-sister chromatid pairs during anaphase II.
b) the independent segregation of homologous chromosome pairs during anaphase I.
An extensive study was conducted on identical twins who were separated at birth. Among other things, the study showed that the individual from each pair who received better nutrition during childhood tended to score higher on standardized intelligence tests. This can best be described as an example of how _____________________.
mutation alters phenotype.
mutation alters genotype.
environment alters genotype.
environment alters phenotype.
environment alters phenotype.
If a single gene has 3 or more alternative forms, this is called _________________.
epistasis.
multiple alleles.
blending inheritance.
pleiotropy.
multiple alleles.
During his experiments with pea plants, Mendel referred to the trait that was expressed in the F1 or first filial generation as _________________.
independent.
homozygous.
heterozygous.
dominant.
dominant.
Let P = purple flowers and p = white, and T = tall plants and t = short. If the uppercase letters represent the dominant alleles, what is the phenotype of a plant with the genotype PpTt?
white flowers, tall
white flowers, short
purple flowers, short
purple flowers, tall
purple flowers, tall
An allele for a particular trait that is only expressed in the presence of a second copy of the same allele is called ________________.
dominant.
codominant.
recessive.
incompletely dominant.
recessive.
Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment states that different pairs of ________________.
alleles segregate independently of each other.
sister chromatids segregate independently of each other.
non-sister chromatids segregate independently of each other.
gametes segregate independently of each other.
alleles segregate independently of each other.
The observable outward manifestation of the genes of an individual is referred to as its _________________.
genotype.
phenotype.
genetic map.
blueprint.
phenotype.
Three babies were recently mixed up in a hospital. Based on the data in the table above, the couple with blood types A and B are the actual parents of the child with blood type _________________.
AB
O
B
None of these babies could be the child of the couple with blood types A and B.
AB
Achondroplasia is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. A person who carries this mutation has shorter limbs than average. Two copies of the mutant gene are invariably fatal before or shortly after birth. If a person with achondroplasia has children a person of average height, what is the probability that both their first child and second child will have achondroplasia?
1/8
1/4
1
1/2
1/4
What is the correct sequence for DNA replication in E. coli?
Elongation, termination, initiation.
Initiation, termination, elongation.
Elongation, initiation, termination
Initiation, elongation, termination.
Initiation, elongation, termination.
During DNA replication, each new strand begins with a short ______________.
RNA primer.
amino acid primer.
DNA primer.
hydrophilic primer
RNA primer
If a mutation produced helicase that was unable to hydrolyze ATP, DNA replication would be
stopped.
unaffected.
speeded up.
more prone to errors
stopped.
DNA replication always proceeds by adding new bases to the _________ end of an existing strand.
3’
2’
4’
5’
3’
What is the function of a protein kinase?
To remove phosphate groups from proteins.
To phosphorylate GDP to generate GTP.
To cleave membrane phospholipids.
To add phosphate groups onto proteins.
To add phosphate groups onto proteins.
The lagging strand is replicated with a series of Okazaki fragments and that is why its synthesis is considered to be ________________.
continuous.
semiconservative
antiparallel.
discontinuous.
discontinuous.
When a mixture of live nonvirulent bacteria and dead virulent bacteria was injected into mice, Griffith unexpectedly found that the injected mice died. He explained this result by suggesting that the nonvirulent bacteria are being _______________.
activated.
transcribed.
translated.
transformed.
transformed.
If a short sequence of DNA is 5’ AATTGCCGT 3’, its complement is _______________.
3’ TTAACGGCT 5’.
3’ TTAAGCCGA 5’.
3’ TTAACGGCA 5’.
5’ AAAACGCCA 3’
3’ TTAACGGCA 5’.
A researcher is working to generate a new cancer drug. Thus far, he has identified a compound that can reduce the size of tumors in the lung. However, in order for the drug to work, the lung tumor has to be small. In addition, the tumor cannot have metastasized (spread to other areas of the body). Furthermore, he knows that the drug acts to prohibit the signaling from one tumor cell to another tumor cell. Given the above information, this new drug prohibits:
synaptic signaling between tumor cells.
endocrine signaling between tumor cells.
paracrine signaling between tumor cells.
autocrine signaling between tumor cells.
paracrine signaling between tumor cells.
DNA primase
creates a short DNA primer that is complementary to a DNA template.
creates a short DNA template that is complementary to an RNA primer.
creates a short DNA primer that is complementary to an RNA template.
creates a short RNA primer that is complementary to a DNA template.
creates a short RNA primer that is complementary to a DNA template.
If fertilization involves two gametes that contain different alleles of a given gene, the resulting offspring is ______________.
heterozygous.
haploid.
dihybrid.
homozygous.
heterozygous.
Of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes, 22 pairs are homologous and are found in both males and females. These are called _________.
autosomes.
recombinant chromosomes.
bivalents.
somatic chromosomes.
autosomes.
ABO blood group determination is an example of ________________.
multiple alleles.
incomplete dominance.
pleiotropy.
epistasis.
multiple alleles.
Mendel’s Principle of Independent Assortment states that different pairs of ________________.
alleles segregate independently of each other.
gametes segregate independently of each other.
non-sister chromatids segregate independently of each other.
sister chromatids segregate independently of each other.
alleles segregate independently of each other.