BioImaging

Question 1

What is Biomedical image analysis?

Answer 1

The process of extracting quantitative information and meaningful insights from medical or biological images

Applicable to fluorescence microscopy images for preclinical models, RGB photographs for phenotypic or genetic studies, electron microscopy for structural modeling, deep learning AI, or medical imagine for diagnosis or surgery

Question 2

Describe Light Sheet Microscopy for bioimaging

Answer 2

Uses a thin plane of light to excite the sample and then captures fluorescence emission perpendicular to that. Can collect data over a long period of time, can collect 3D images of live samples.

Question 3

Describe Confocal Microscopy for bioimaging

Answer 3

A focused light on a single spot as small as possible. Pinhole aperture is used to detect small illuminated spot

Question 4

Describe MRI for bioimaging

Answer 4

MRI - used in medical environments to provide high quality pictures of the inside of the body. The technique measures the modification within the characteristics of H nuclei in water and different nuclei with similar chemical shifts across the image slice. The characteristics of H nuclei depend upon their position within the molecule.

Question 5

What info is needed for image construction?

Answer 5

• Image ratio (1:1, 16:9 etc.)
• Metadata (experimental conditions e.g. microscope setting, drug treatment used)
• RBG, CMYK, grayscale
• Bit (precision of pixel values)
• Resolution – time and space, sample frequency

Question 6

What is 3D analysis useful for?

Answer 6

Finding the:
- Volume
- Length
- Hidden tumours
- Number of cells

Question 7

What do you need to know before data processing?

Answer 7

• Experimental conditions
• Types of organisms e.g. cells, macrophages
• Other features

Question 8

What is pre-processing?

Answer 8

Preparation of images by noise reduction, contrast enhancement, sharpening, resizing, format conversion etc. to enhance their quality, reduce artifacts, standardize their format, and prepare them for further analysis

Question 9

What is segmentation?

Answer 9

Partitioning an image into segments to simplify analysis by isolating objects or areas of interest. simple segmentation is often thresholding (intensity based)

Question 10

What is quantification?

Answer 10

Extraction of meaningful numeric measurements from images like area, volume, intensity, stats, texture metrics etc.