Biohazards

Question 1

What are bacteria?

Answer 1

Organisms composed of simple, naked DNA chromosomes (sometimes two) without a nuclear membrane (prokaryote)

Question 2

How big are bacteria?

Answer 2

1-5 um

Question 3

What are examples of bacteria?

Answer 3

E. Coli, TB, syphilis, typhoid

Question 4

What are viruses?

Answer 4

• Live intracellular parasites
• DNA or RNA and protein coat

Question 5

How big are viruses?

Answer 5

20-300 nm

Question 6

What are examples of viruses?

Answer 6

Common cold, polio, rabies, hepatitis

Question 7

What are fungi?

Answer 7

Digest food outside body by releasing enzymes

Question 8

What are examples of fungi?

Answer 8

Ringworm, athlete’s foot, histoplasmosis, and aspergillus

Question 9

What are parasites?

Answer 9

Organisms taking sustenance from a host

Question 10

What are examples of parasites?

Answer 10

Toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis

Question 11

What is rickettsia?

Answer 11

A parasite living within the cells of ticks and mites

Question 12

What are examples of rickettsia diseases?

Answer 12

Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Q fever, murine typhus, sylvatic typhus

Question 13

Typhus vs typhoid

Answer 13

Typhoid Mary (bacteria) spread via fecal oral route and typhus is a parasite (rickettsia)

Question 14

What are prions?

Answer 14

Proteins without a nucleus that are infectious

Question 15

What are prion disease examples?

Answer 15

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow), creutzfeldt-jacob disease

Question 16

What are the most common insect vectors?

Answer 16

Mosquitos and ticks

Question 17

What is biological risk?

Answer 17

The possibility of developing illness from exposure to a single biohazard agent (depending on susceptibility)

Question 18

Chain of infection

Answer 18

RETER
Reservoir
Escape from reservoir
Transmission
Entry into new host
Reinfection

Question 19

BSL 1 lab requirements

Answer 19

Controlled access
Hand washing sink
Sharp hazards warning policy
Personal protective equipment
Laboratory bench
Autoclave

Question 20

BSL 1 PPE

Answer 20

lab coats, gloves, eye protection) are worn as needed.

Question 21

BSL 2 lab requirements

Answer 21

Controlled access
Hand washing sink
Sharp hazards warning policy
Physical containment device (lab hood)
Personal protective equipment
Laboratory bench
Autoclave

Question 22

What is a biosafety level 1 lab

Answer 22

• Defined well characterized organisms
• No known or minimal potential hazards
• No special competence
• Open bench work is allowed

Question 23

BSL 2

Answer 23

• Endemic agents of moderate risk
• College-level competence
• Access limited when work is in progress
• Supervisor must be competent scientist

Question 24

BSL 2 lab agent examples

Answer 24

• Hepatitis B virus
• Salmonella
• Toxoplasmosis

Question 25

In which level of Biosafety would you find controlled access to laboratory, physical separation from access corridors, the lab environment kept in negative pressure, self-closing double doors, and exhausted non-recirculated air?

Answer 25

BSL 3

Question 26

Which biosafety cabinet provides the greatest level of agent containment and user protection?

Answer 26

BSC Class III

Question 27

BSL 3 lab requirements

Answer 27

Air tight when disinfecting
Self-closing, double-door access
Controlled access
Personal shower out (risk-based enhancement)
Sharp hazards warning policy
Hand washing sink
Sealed penetrations
Physical containment device
Powered air purifying respirator (risk-based enhancement)
Laboratory bench
Autoclave
Exhaust HEPA filter (risk-based enhancement)
Effluent decontamination system (risk-based enhancement)

Question 28

What type of toxicant is histoplasmosis?

Answer 28

Fungal / mycotoxin

Question 29

What animals are histoplasmosis associated with?

Answer 29

Bird and bats - their droppings

Question 30

Who is more likely to be exposed to histoplasmosis?

Answer 30

Farmers, forestry workers. People who to into caves and the woods.

Question 31

What type of pathogen is Newcastle Disease?

Answer 31

Zoonotic disease - virus

Question 32

What animal is associated wit Newcastle Disease?

Answer 32

Zoonotic disease - birds - especially poultry

Question 33

What is Brucellosis

Answer 33

Zoonotic infection caused by bacteria
Contact with goats, sheep, pigs, camels, and dogs / unpasteurized milk / bodily fluids
Most common zoonotic disease in the world

Question 34

Psittacosis

Answer 34

Chlamydia psittaci is a type of bacteria that often infects birds. Less commonly, these bacteria can infect people and cause a disease called psittacosis. Psittacosis can cause mild illness or pneumonia (lung infection).

Question 35

Class 3 biosafety cabinet

Answer 35

A Class III cabinet is defined as a totally enclosed, ventilated cabinet with leak-tight construction and attached rubber gloves for performing operations in the cabinet. These cabinets have a transfer chamber with interlocked doors that allow for sterilization of materials before entering/exiting the glove box.

Question 36

Class 2 biosafety cabinet

Answer 36

• Ventilated cabinet
• Open front with inward airflow (personnel protection)
• Downward HEPA-filtered laminar airflow (product protection)
• HEPA-filtered exhaust air (environmental protection).
• All biologically contaminated ducts and plenums to be under negative pressure or surrounded by negative pressure ducts and plenums

Question 37

Class 1 biosafety cabinet

Answer 37

• Are designed with an open front with inward airflow (personnel protection)
• HEPA-filtered exhaust air (environmental protection)
• Air can be recirculated back to the lab or exhausted outside