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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY > BIOGEOGRAPHY > Flashcards

BIOGEOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

• The study of the geography of life and how it
changes through space and time.

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

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2
Q

a German scientist and explorer who
Founded the Field of Plant Biogeography,
the analysis of the distribution of plants
throughout the world.

A

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT

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2
Q

English naturalist who published The
Geographical Distribution of Animals in
1876.

A

ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
o

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3
Q

The number of living species in a specified
region.

A

Biodiversity

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4
Q

A group of individuals that naturally interact
and can breed and produce fertile offspring.

A

Species

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5
Q

The study of life

A

Biology

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6
Q

“bios”

A

life

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7
Q

“logos”

A

study

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8
Q
  • the genetic material is
    surrounded by a membrane.
A

Eukaryotes

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9
Q
  • lacking a membrane.
A

Prokaryotes

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10
Q
  • have only one cell.
A

Unicellular

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11
Q
  • having two or more cells
A

Multicellular

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12
Q
  • make its own food.
A

Autotrophic

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13
Q

-feeds on other living things.

A

Heterotropic

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14
Q

the physical environment in which an
organism lives

A

Habitat

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15
Q

– the living organisms within a
community and the nonliving components of the
environment in which they live.

A

Ecosystem

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16
Q

– the study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment.

A

Ecology

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17
Q
  • the feeding links between species
    within an ecosystem indicating which species eat
    which other species.
A

Food chain

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18
Q
  • Organisms that synthesize their own
    food using heat or light as the source of energy.
A

Autotrophs

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19
Q
  • Organisms that consume complex
    organic substances for food.
A

Heterotrophs

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20
Q

is an organism that feeds mostly on
plants.

A

Herbivore

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21
Q

is an organism that mostly eats meat,
or the flesh of animals.

A

Carnivore

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22
Q

is an organism that eats plants and
animals.

A

Omnivore

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23
Q
  • Organisms that consume dead or
    decaying organic substances for nutrition.
A

Decomposers

24
is the process used by plants, algae, and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight and turn it into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
25
– Microscopic bacteria and algae that are suspended in the sunlit portions of water and photosynthesize.
Phytoplankton
26
involves two parents and produces offspring that are genetically unique.
Sexual reproduction
27
reproduction involves one parent and produces offspring that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent.
Asexual
28
an interaction between organisms that require the same resources.
Competition
29
the consumption of one organism by another.
Predation
30
is the natural process of breaking down the organic substances into simpler organic matter and is carried out by microbes present in the soil.
Decomposition
31
is a term describing any relationship or interaction between two dissimilar organisms.
Symbiosis
32
Three Basic Types of Symbiosis
Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism
33
is a relationship between two species of plants or animals in which one benefits at the expense of the other, sometimes without killing the host organism.
Parasitism
34
is a relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits, and one is unaffected.
Commensalism
35
a relationship between two species from which both species benefit.
Mutualism
36
– ecosystem of land plants and animals found on upland surfaces of the continents.
Terrestrial Ecosystems
37
- The amount of living matter in an area, including plants, animals, and insects.
Biomass
38
is a large community of vegetation and wildlife adapted to a specific climate.
Biome
39
– an ecosystem in a body of water.
Aquatic Ecosystems
40
TYPES OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
Ocean Ecosystems Coastal Systems Lotic Ecosystems Lentic Ecosystems
41
includes everything in the oceans, as well as the saltwater bays, seas and inlets, the shorelines and salt marshes
Ocean Ecosystems
42
is an area where land and water come together.
Coastal Systems
43
or flowing ecosystems are river channels and other related aquatic environments creek, brook, spring, or stream.
Lotic Ecosystems
44
a body of standing water, ranging from ditches, seeps, ponds, seasonal pools, basin marshes and lakes.
Lentic Ecosystems
45
Biome that includes all regions of forest over the lands of the Earth.
Forest Biome
46
Biome that consists of a combination of trees and grassland in various proportions.
Savanna Biome
47
Biome consisting largely or entirely of herbs, which may include grasses, glasslike plants, and forbs
Grassland Biome,
48
Biome of the dry climates consisting of thinly dispersed plants that may be shrubs, grasses, or perennial herbs, but lacking in trees.
Desert Biome,
49
biome of the cold regions of arctic and alpine tundra, consisting of grasses, grass like plants, flowering herbs, dwarf shrubs, mosses, and lichens.
Tundra Biome,
50
is a very common type of disturbance that influences forests, grasslands, and shrub lands.
Fire
51
– uncontrolled fire in a forest, grassland, brushland, or land sown to crops.
Wildfire
52
the process of genetically driven change in a population caused by selection pressures in the environment.
Evolution
53
the creation of new species through evolution.
Speciation
54
French naturalist in 1809, influenced evolutionary thought through most of the 19th century.
JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK
55
The Founder of The Modern Theory of Evolution
CHARLES DARWIN
56
➢ The permanent and global loss of a species
EXTINCTION
57
, any species that is at risk of extinction because of a sudden rapid decrease in its population or a loss of its critical habitat.
Endangered species

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY (5 decks)

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