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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY > BIOGEOGRAPHY > Flashcards

BIOGEOGRAPHY Flashcards

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1
Q

• The study of the geography of life and how it
changes through space and time.

A

BIOGEOGRAPHY

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2
Q

a German scientist and explorer who
Founded the Field of Plant Biogeography,
the analysis of the distribution of plants
throughout the world.

A

ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT

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2
Q

English naturalist who published The
Geographical Distribution of Animals in
1876.

A

ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE
o

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3
Q

The number of living species in a specified
region.

A

Biodiversity

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4
Q

A group of individuals that naturally interact
and can breed and produce fertile offspring.

A

Species

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5
Q

The study of life

A

Biology

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6
Q

“bios”

A

life

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7
Q

“logos”

A

study

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8
Q
  • the genetic material is
    surrounded by a membrane.
A

Eukaryotes

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9
Q
  • lacking a membrane.
A

Prokaryotes

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10
Q
  • have only one cell.
A

Unicellular

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11
Q
  • having two or more cells
A

Multicellular

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12
Q
  • make its own food.
A

Autotrophic

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13
Q

-feeds on other living things.

A

Heterotropic

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14
Q

the physical environment in which an
organism lives

A

Habitat

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15
Q

– the living organisms within a
community and the nonliving components of the
environment in which they live.

A

Ecosystem

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16
Q

– the study of the interactions between
organisms and their environment.

A

Ecology

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17
Q
  • the feeding links between species
    within an ecosystem indicating which species eat
    which other species.
A

Food chain

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18
Q
  • Organisms that synthesize their own
    food using heat or light as the source of energy.
A

Autotrophs

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19
Q
  • Organisms that consume complex
    organic substances for food.
A

Heterotrophs

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20
Q

is an organism that feeds mostly on
plants.

A

Herbivore

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21
Q

is an organism that mostly eats meat,
or the flesh of animals.

A

Carnivore

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22
Q

is an organism that eats plants and
animals.

A

Omnivore

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23
Q
  • Organisms that consume dead or
    decaying organic substances for nutrition.
A

Decomposers

24
Q

is the process used by plants, algae,
and certain bacteria to harness energy from sunlight
and turn it into chemical energy.

A

Photosynthesis

25
Q

– Microscopic bacteria and algae that
are suspended in the sunlit portions of water and
photosynthesize.

A

Phytoplankton

26
Q

involves two parents
and produces offspring that are genetically
unique.

A

Sexual reproduction

27
Q

reproduction involves one parent
and produces offspring that are genetically
identical to each other and to the parent.

A

Asexual

28
Q

an interaction between organisms that
require the same resources.

A

Competition

29
Q

the consumption of one organism by
another.

A

Predation

30
Q

is the natural process of breaking
down the organic substances into simpler organic
matter and is carried out by microbes present in the
soil.

A

Decomposition

31
Q

is a term describing any relationship or
interaction between two dissimilar organisms.

A

Symbiosis

32
Q

Three Basic Types of Symbiosis

A

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

33
Q

is a relationship between
two species of plants or animals in which
one benefits at the expense of the other,
sometimes without killing the host
organism.

A

Parasitism

34
Q

is a relationship between
two organisms in which one organism
benefits, and one is unaffected.

A

Commensalism

35
Q

a relationship between two
species from which both species benefit.

A

Mutualism

36
Q

– ecosystem of land plants
and animals found on upland surfaces of the
continents.

A

Terrestrial Ecosystems

37
Q
  • The amount of living matter in an
    area, including plants, animals, and insects.
A

Biomass

38
Q

is a large community of vegetation
and wildlife adapted to a specific climate.

A

Biome

39
Q

– an ecosystem in a body of
water.

A

Aquatic Ecosystems

40
Q

TYPES OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM

A

Ocean Ecosystems
Coastal Systems
Lotic Ecosystems
Lentic Ecosystems

41
Q

includes everything in the
oceans, as well as the saltwater bays, seas and inlets,
the shorelines and salt marshes

A

Ocean Ecosystems

42
Q

is an area where land and water
come together.

A

Coastal Systems

43
Q

or flowing ecosystems are river
channels and other related aquatic environments
creek, brook, spring, or stream.

A

Lotic Ecosystems

44
Q

a body of standing water, ranging
from ditches, seeps, ponds, seasonal pools, basin
marshes and lakes.

A

Lentic Ecosystems

45
Q

Biome that includes all regions of
forest over the lands of the Earth.

A

Forest Biome

46
Q

Biome that consists of a
combination of trees and grassland in various
proportions.

A

Savanna Biome

47
Q

Biome consisting largely or
entirely of herbs, which may include grasses,
glasslike plants, and forbs

A

Grassland Biome,

48
Q

Biome of the dry climates consisting
of thinly dispersed plants that may be shrubs,
grasses, or perennial herbs, but lacking in trees.

A

Desert Biome,

49
Q

biome of the cold regions of arctic
and alpine tundra, consisting of grasses, grass like
plants, flowering herbs, dwarf shrubs, mosses, and
lichens.

A

Tundra Biome,

50
Q

is a very common type of disturbance that
influences forests, grasslands, and shrub lands.

A

Fire

51
Q

– uncontrolled fire in a forest, grassland,
brushland, or land sown to crops.

A

Wildfire

52
Q

the process of genetically driven change in
a population caused by selection pressures in the
environment.

A

Evolution

53
Q

the creation of new species
through evolution.

A

Speciation

54
Q

French naturalist in 1809, influenced
evolutionary thought through most of the
19th century.

A

JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK

55
Q

The Founder of The Modern Theory of
Evolution

A

CHARLES DARWIN

56
Q

➢ The permanent and global loss of a species

A

EXTINCTION

57
Q

, any species that is at risk of
extinction because of a sudden rapid decrease in its
population or a loss of its critical habitat.

A

Endangered species

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY (5 decks)

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