biogeographic principles and processes

Question 1

the process of converting CO2 and H20 into carbohydrate and O2 using sunlight as the energy source

Answer 1

photosynthesis

Question 2

photosynthesis occurs

Answer 2

in the cells of plants which contain chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll

Question 3

photosynthesis equation

Answer 3

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy —-> C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2

(sunlight) (glucose)

Question 4

photosynthesis equation is broken down into several steps, the major two being the:

Answer 4

Light reactions & the Dark reactions(Calvin Cycle)

Question 5

limitations on photosynthesis: rate of respiration by the plant

Answer 5

(where the plant uses some of the energy-food created in photosynthesis; also involves glycolysis, & the Krebs Cycle)

Question 6

if increase resp—>

Answer 6

then decrease efficiency of photosynthesis

Question 7

if increase heat (temp)—->

Answer 7

then increase respiration

Question 8

availability of water

Answer 8

if increase water—>then increase CO2 uptake by plant which increases photosyntheses

Question 9

rate of evaporation & transpiration

Answer 9

if increase rate of evapotranspiration  then decrease efficiency of photosynthesis

Question 10

results of photosynthesis

Answer 10

creation of Biomass or useful chemical energy (plant & animal)

Question 11

plant biomass

Answer 11

or phytomass is created directly by photosynthesis

Question 12

animal biomass

Answer 12

is created indirectly by photosynthesis

Question 13

highest amounts of Biomass created in ____

lowest amounts created in ________

Answer 13

warm, wet areas

cold and dry areas

Question 14

net primary activity

Answer 14

the net photosynthesis for a given community; this considers all growth and reduction factors that affect the amount of biomass fixed in an ecosystem

Question 15

NPP=

Answer 15

photosynthesis (the chem energy made by plants - respiration (the chem energy used by plants to grow, live, and reproduce)

Question 16

energy flow

Answer 16

both within and between systems

Question 17

within a system

Answer 17

the leaf uses some of the energy it converts from radiative to chemical form (this is respiration)

Question 18

between

Answer 18

sunlight strikes a leaf of a plant, which turns radiative energy (sunlight) into chemical energy (carbohydrate), which is energy (food) for another organism, which may be the energy source (food) for yet another organism

Question 19

food webs (food chains)

Answer 19

the pathways that energy may take from plants through various trophic levels (what eats what)

Question 20

each step or stage of the food web is termed a __

Answer 20

trophic level

Question 21

3 types of organisms in these pathways

Answer 21

autotrophs
hetertrophs
decomposers

Question 22

autotrophs

Answer 22

those that make their own “food”, plants or primary consumers

Question 23

heterotrophs

Answer 23

those that must consume other organisms to get the energy (food) they need, animals

Question 24

3 types of hetertrophs

Answer 24

herbivores (primary consumers), carnivores(secondary consumers), omnivores

Question 25

decomposers

Answer 25

those that obtain their energy by breaking down dead organic material, EX: bacteria and fungi

Question 26

ecological efficiency

Answer 26

how well energy is passed from one system to another, say along a food chain or web

Question 27

as a rule, efficiency decreases as

Answer 27

energy is moved along a food pathway or chain

Question 28

example of efficiency decreasing as energy is moved along a food pathway or chain

Answer 28

phytoplankton (15%) —-> zooplankton (11%) —-> small fish —–> large fish (5%)
1000 energy units —> 150 units —–> 16.5 units —–> .825 units

Question 29

can be shown by use of a

Answer 29

food pyramid