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Honors Earth Science > Biogeochemical Cycle > Flashcards

Biogeochemical Cycle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the earth’s biospheres?

A

Geosphere, Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

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2
Q

When water evaporates and cools it ____ into clouds.

A

Condenses

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3
Q

As water vapor rises the temperature _____?

A

Decreases

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4
Q

Rain falls when?

A

Water in clouds gets too heavy

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5
Q

Evaporation describes what state of matter transition?

A

Liquid to Gas

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6
Q

In transpiration plants take in ____ and release ____.

A

Water, Water Vapor

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7
Q

True or False: runoff occurs when the land cannot absorbs all the rain.

A

True

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8
Q

What are weather fronts?

A

Colliding masses of warm and cold air

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9
Q

What is the energy source of the water cycle?

A

Sun

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10
Q

All precipitation begins as ____.

A

Snow

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11
Q

True or False: water cannot penetrate bedrock

A

True

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12
Q

Infiltration capacity is shown as:

A

Depth/Time

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13
Q

True of False: water cannot condense without the presence of particles of dust.

A

True

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14
Q

Tiny atmospheric particles known as _____ help water farm ice crystals.

A

Aerosols

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15
Q

What are Aerosols?

A

Tiny atmospheric particles such as dust that water collects on allowing is to crystallize, condense, or boil.

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16
Q

What is the atomic number of carbon?

A

4

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17
Q

Carbon has 4 valence electrons which means:

A

It readily forms compounds

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18
Q

What is known as the primary building block of life on earth?

A

Carbon

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19
Q

Pure carbon is predominantly found in what 2 minerals?

A

Diamond, graphite

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20
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound of carbon and hydrocarbon

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21
Q

What is the simplest hydrocarbon?

A

Methane

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22
Q

What is methane?

A

A flammable gas that is the simplest member of hydrocarbons.

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23
Q

What is the methane formula?

A

CH4

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24
Q

What is crude oil?

A

Unrefined petroleum and hydrocarbon deposits

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25
Q

What are the parts of coal?

A

Sulfur, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen

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26
Q

Define anthropogenic:

A

Human-made

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27
Q

What does coal release when burned?

A

Mercury

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28
Q

Coal forms in layers known as___?

A

Coal seams

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29
Q

Combustion of all fossil fuels always release ____ and ____.

A

Carbon dioxide, water

30
Q

Name four carbon sources:

A

Deforestation, respiration, decaying organic matter, volcano eruptions

31
Q

What is a sink?

A

Takes out of the atmosphere

32
Q

What is a source?

A

Put into atmosphere

33
Q

Name four sinks:

A

Oceans, Animals eating plants with carbon, photosynthesis, becoming fossil fuels,

34
Q

Phytoplankton takes in CO2 and releases____.

A

Oxygen

35
Q

A greenhouse gas absorbs radiation and re-emits it as____.

A

Infrared

36
Q

What is infrared?

A

Heat

37
Q

The above reaction traps energy that potentially warms the earth. This is known as the ___ effect.

A

Greenhouse

38
Q

`Essential question

A

Does the greenhouse affect without humans.

39
Q

True/False: as CO2 levels in the atmosphere increase the temperature increases.

A

True

40
Q

Can carbon be destroyed?

A

No, only sequester it

41
Q

If there was no CO2 in the world we would_____.

A

Freeze

42
Q

Do CO2 level fluctuate naturally?

A

Yes

43
Q

What bacteria turns nitrogen to ammonium?

A

Nitrogen fixing

44
Q

What bacteria turns ammonia to nitrates?

A

Nitrifying

45
Q

What bacteria turns nitrates to ammonium?

A

Denitrifying

46
Q

What is the biochemical cycle?

A

Natural recycling of earth’s elements

47
Q

What is transpiration?

A

When plants absorb water and release it into the atmosphere as water vapor.
Transpiration-plants

48
Q

What is precipitation?

A

Refers to rain or snow that falls to the earth’s surface.

Precipitation-rain or snowfall

49
Q

What is infiltration?

A

The movement of surface water into rock or soil through cracks and pore spaces.
Infiltration-water into rock or soil

50
Q

What is condensation?

A

The change of physical state of water from its gaseous phase to its liquid phase. This is how clouds form.
Condensation- gas to liquid

51
Q

What is evaporation?

A

When water returns to the atmosphere from the soil, lakes and streams by turning into its gaseous form.
Evaporation-water vapor and clouds

52
Q

What is a runoff?

A

When the land cannot absorbs all the rain. The excess water then flows over the surface into lakes and streams.
Runoff-extra water ends up in lakes, streams, and oceans.

53
Q

What are the types of precipitation?

A

Rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, hail

54
Q

Precipitation starts as ____ before it goes through warm air.

A

Snow

55
Q

What are the types of clouds? Describe them

A

Cirrus-feathery/thin
Stratus-Layered
Cumulus-Fluffy

56
Q

What is a nimbus cloud?

A

Rain cloud

57
Q

What is an aquifer?

A

An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well.

58
Q

An artesian well does not need a pump why?

A

Because the water has no where to go but up because of surrounding pressure.

59
Q

What is distillation?

A

The technique of using heat to separate compounds.

60
Q

What two minerals is carbon found?

A

Diamond and Graphite

61
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

62
Q

Where are the majority of hydrocarbons found on earth?

A

In crude oil

63
Q

What are the two main ocean carbon sinks?

A

The water and Phytoplankton

64
Q

What is phytoplankton?

A

Phytoplankton are tiny oceanic organisms that undergo photosynthesis. They are the “grass of the sea”.

65
Q

Trapped energy that can potentially warm the earth is called _____.

A

The greenhouse effect

66
Q

Why does atmospheric CO2 trap heat?

A

CO2 absorbs in the same range of the spectrum that Earth emits in.

67
Q

Can the concentration of anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 effect climate?

A

Yes, if carbon dioxide increases enough, the earth’s temperature could increase.

68
Q

Is the greenhouse effect a natural process?

A

Yes-it occurs with or without the presence of mankind.

69
Q

What is the nitrogen cycle?

A

Refers to the constant motion of Nitrogen in various forms among the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the geosphere and the biosphere.

70
Q

What percentage of the earth’s atmosphere is nitrogen gas?

A

78%

71
Q

Water cycle summary: Sources

A

Evaporation-water vapor and clouds
Transpiration-plants
Condensation- gas to liquid

72
Q

Water cycle summary: Sinks

A

Precipitation-rain or snowfall
Infiltration-water into rock or soil
Condensation-gas to liquid
Runoff-extra water ends up in lakes, streams, and oceans.

Honors Earth Science (1 decks)

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