Biofuels Flashcards
Bioethanol is produced from:
a) Triglycerides
b) Sugars
c) Fats
d) Proteins
b) Sugars
Biodiesel is produced from:
a) Triglycerides
b) Sugars
c) Fats
d) Proteins
c) Fats
Genetic engineering can increase production of bioethanol by:
a) Expanding the capability of microbes to utilise sugars other than glucose and sucrose for ethanol production
b) Enabling bacteria such as E. coli to convert pentose into ethanol
c) Enabling yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae to grow on pentoses
d) All of the above
a) Expanding the capability of microbes to utilise sugars other than glucose and sucrose for ethanol production
What are Biofuels?
Renewable liquid or gaseous fuels made by and/or from living organisms or the waste they produce
Which yeast enzyme converts sucrose to glucose and fructose to be used in bioenthanol production?
Invertase
What are TWO microorganisms that are used in bioethanol production?
- Zymomonas mobilis
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae
How does Saccharomyces cerevisiae convert glucose to ethanol?
Via Glycolysis
How does bioengineering of yeasts increase bioethanol production?
Allows reduction of ATP yield and reduction in biomass that could have been used in bioethanol production
How does Z. mobilis break down glucose?
Via the Entner-Duodoroff pathway
Z. mobilis is an anaerobic, gram -ve bacterium
What is an advantage of using Z. mobilis in bioethanol production?
Can withstand higher ethanol levels than S. cerevisiae
What is a disadvantage of using Z. mobilis in bioethanol production?
Can only use a few simple sugars
What is Biodiesel comprised of?
Fatty acid methyl & ethyl esters
Can triglycerides be used directly as fuels in biodiesel production?
No
Which bacterial strain has been genetically engineered to divert lipid synthesis away from triglycerides and into fatty acid ethyl esters?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Which bacterial strain has been genetically engineered to produce fatty acid ethyl esters?
E. coli
E. coli does not naturally produce triglycerides
