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Bioethics > Bioethics Test 1 > Flashcards

Bioethics Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

normative claims

A

a claims of how things ought to be

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2
Q

discriptive statement

A

a statement about the world is

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3
Q

prescriptive

A

how things ought to be and a course of action

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4
Q

impermissible

A

should not be allowed

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5
Q

consequentialist

A

outcomes of an act determines if it impermissible

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6
Q

non-consequentialist

A

intention and act determines if it is permissible

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7
Q

Kantian deontology

A

treat the good (humanity) as an end in itself

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8
Q

act responsibilty

A

are you responsible for your actions?

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9
Q

truthfunctional sentence

A

can be true or falss

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10
Q

action guidance

A

looking to the theory for guidance on what to do

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11
Q

metaethics

A

the attempt to answer questions about the nature of ethical theory itself

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12
Q

types of metaethics

A

▪cognitivism

▪non-cognitivism

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13
Q

cognitivism

A

the view that moral judgements can be true or false

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14
Q

noncogntivism

A

view that moral judgements are not able to be true ir false

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15
Q

subjectivism

A

view that moral truth depends on the subjective attitudes and beleifs of individuals

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16
Q

objectivism

A

view that moral truths are based on facts, not attitudes

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17
Q

relativism

A

morality is relative to the norms of a culture

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18
Q

types of cognitivism

A

▪subjectivism
▪relativism
▪objectivism

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19
Q

normative ethics

A

the study of what makes things right or wrong

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20
Q

types of normative ethics

A

▪axiology

▪nirmarive ethics of behavior

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21
Q

axiology

A

study of what is good and bad

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22
Q

normative ethics of behavior

A

study of what is right and wrong

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23
Q

hedonism

A

pleasure and absence of pain are the only things that are good

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24
Q

desire satisfsction

A

the satisfaction of someones desire is the only thing that is good

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25
Q

egosim

A

action is right if it has the best consequences for the person doing it

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26
Q

utilitarianism

A

action is right if the consequences are optimal fir everyone

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27
Q

act type

A

category of actions

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28
Q

act token

A

specific action performed in a specific person in a slecific location

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29
Q

rule utilitarianism

A

an action is right if it conforms to a rule that leads to the greatest good

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30
Q

3 quwstions of metaethics

A

▪are moral statements true or false?
▪what makes moral statements true or false?
▪how do we know?

31
Q

sites of evalutation

A

▪state of afairs
▪character
▪act itself

32
Q

look where to evaluate sites or evalutation

A

▪intention
▪act
▪outcomes
▪consequences

33
Q

nihilist

A

there are no moral truths

34
Q

truthmakers

A

make a proposition true

35
Q

absolute rights

A

cannot be limmited

36
Q

prima facie (pro tanto) rights

A

rights that can be defeated

37
Q

undercut

A

persons right is no longer valid because of their actions

38
Q

argument

A

set if premises and conclusions

39
Q

validity

A

if an argument is true while we assume the premises are

40
Q

soundness

A

argument is valid and actually true

41
Q

conjunction

A

P and Q

42
Q

disjunction

A

P or Q

43
Q

conditinal

A

“if…. then…”

44
Q

antecendent

A

“if” part if a conditional

45
Q

consequent

A

“then” part of conditional

46
Q

modus ponens

A

if p then q
p
therefore q

47
Q

modus tollens

A

if p then q
not q
then not p

48
Q

affirming the consequent (fallacy)

A

if p then q
q
therefore p

49
Q

denying the antecedent (fallacy)

A

if p then q
not p
therefore not q

50
Q

hypothetical syllogism

A

if p then q
if q then r
p
therefore r

51
Q

disjunctive syllogism

A

p or q
not p
q

52
Q

override

A

right still exists, but situation allows the right to be dropped

53
Q

moral residue

A

▪a need to repay a debt

▪occurs when a right is overriden

54
Q

inalienable rights

A

rights that no one can take away

55
Q

forfeit of a right

A

involuntary loss

56
Q

waive of a right

A

voluntary loss

57
Q

negative right

A

generates a weak corresponding duty

58
Q

positive right

A

generates a strong duty

59
Q

moral agents

A

bear duties that correspond to a right

60
Q

moral patients

A

posses rights

61
Q

morally obligatory

A

▪a duty which one is morally required to do

▪permissible and no other option exists

62
Q

morally optional

A

▪an act that one is not morally required to do

▪permissible and there are other options

63
Q

expressivist

A

moral statements are not truth bearing

64
Q

monoistic axiology

A

1 thing has value, everything else js based on this value

65
Q

pluralistic axiology

A

many different things have value

66
Q

principle of humanity

A

treat humanity as an end in itself

67
Q

principles based approach

A

look at abstract situations to find moral rules we can apply to the real world

68
Q

case-based approach

A

looking at an individual case an deciding morality based on the specific situation

69
Q

deductive argument

A

if the premises are true, the conclusion has to be true

70
Q

inductive argument

A

asymptotically approach a gaurunteed argument

71
Q

strength

A

measure of relationship between premises and conclusion

72
Q

atomic sentences

A

one sentence letter

73
Q

molecular sentences

A

sentences letters plus connectives

Bioethics (1 decks)

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